[SCM] live-helper branch, upstream, updated. upstream/2.0_a1-1-gf0b430e
Daniel Baumann
daniel at debian.org
Mon Nov 30 11:55:33 UTC 2009
The following commit has been merged in the upstream branch:
commit f0b430eb1bde6179fd0253579bf4dbc26259c2d4
Author: Daniel Baumann <daniel at debian.org>
Date: Mon Nov 30 12:53:04 2009 +0100
Adding upstream version 2.0~a2.
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index eea4461..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-fdisk-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 70df4f6..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-fdisk-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 70df4f6..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/alpha_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-fdisk-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index bfc81f0..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-pcmciautils-udeb
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index e5ed873..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-pcmciautils-udeb
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index e5ed873..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/amd64_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-pcmciautils-udeb
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/arm_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs b/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs
deleted file mode 100644
index 3cb4923..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-# These udebs build the d-i cdrom initrd. As such, there is no reason
-# to keep another copy of them on the CD in udeb form.
-#
-# This duplicates data found in the file build/pkg-lists/kernel, in d-i svn
-kernel-image-*
-# build/pkg-lists/base in d-i svn
-rootskel
-main-menu
-cdebconf-udeb
-udpkg
-anna
-di-utils-shell
-di-utils-reboot
-lowmemcheck
-# build/pkg-lists/cdrom/common, in d-i svn (also included in the
-# root+cd-drivers floppies)
-busybox-udeb
-installation-locale
-localechooser
-iso-3166-udeb
-hw-detect
-cdrom-detect
-cdrom-retriever
-load-cdrom
-cdrom-checker
-bogl-bterm-udeb
-di-utils-terminfo
-cdebconf-priority
-cdebconf-newt-udeb
-usb-discover
-preseed-common
-initrd-preseed
-file-preseed
-nano-udeb
-floppy-retriever
-libfribidi0-udeb
-# Already on the initrd, thanks to library reduction.
-libdebconfclient0-udeb
-libdebian-installer-extra4-udeb
-# These udebs are only useful in building the boot floppy image.
-busybox-floppy-udeb
-rootskel-bootfloppy
-# gtk stuff
-cdebconf-gtk-udeb
-fontconfig-udeb
-libatk1.0-udeb
-libcairo-directfb2-udeb
-libdirectfb-0.9-22-udeb
-libdirectfb-0.9-25-udeb
-libexpat1-udeb
-libfreetype6-udeb
-libglib2.0-udeb
-libgtk-directfb-2.0-0-udeb
-libgtk2-engines-udeb
-libpango1.0-udeb
-libpng12-0-udeb
-libsdl1.2debian-udeb
-mouse-modules-*
-ttf-*
-fbset-udeb
-# We're currently using busybox's own shell, and do not need this one.
-dash-udeb
-# Not currently used
-cdebootstrap-udeb
-hdparm-udeb
-laptop-detect-udeb
-# These dhcp clients are not the currently preferred one.
-dhcp3-client-udeb
-# This package is only useful in the d-i-demo.
-di-utils-exit-installer
-# No need for these loaders.
-download-installer
-load-floppy
-# Only useful in the hd-media initrd.
-iso-scan
-load-iso
-# We're using busybox's modutils these days.
-modutils-basic
-modutils-full
-# Nothing currently depends on this, and it seems not useful on its own.
-reiserfsprogs-udeb
-# reiser4 is not in the Debian kernel.
-mkreiser4-udeb
-reiser4progs-udeb
-# No longer used by parted.
-libreiserfs0.3-udeb
-# These are not really needed, the regular netcfg subsumes them.
-netcfg-static
-# skolelinux stuff, not for the stock CDs
-debian-edu-install-udeb
-debian-edu-profile-udeb
-debian-edu-archive-keyring-udeb
-ltsp-client-builder
-autopartkit
-lvm10-udeb
-# If needed, will be on the initrd already.
-modutils-full
-module-init-tools-udeb
-env-preseed
-rescue-check
-rootskel-gtk
-cdebconf-text-udeb
-brltty-udeb
-klibc-utils-udeb
-libklibc-udeb
-udev-udeb
-ai-choosers
-auto-install
-# Obsolete
-libslang1-utf8-udeb
-discover-udeb
-discover-data-udeb
-discover1-udeb
-discover1-data-udeb
-libdiscover1-udeb
-# Eh?
-gnumach-udeb
-# Exclude apt-setup components; they will be included
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-amd64 b/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-amd64
deleted file mode 100644
index c3d32fe..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-amd64
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# These udebs are in the d-i cdrom initrd and the hd-media initrd.
-# As such, there is no reason to keep another copy of them on the CD
-# in udeb form.
-isa-pnp-modules-*
-socket-modules-*
-console-keymaps-at
-console-keymaps-usb
-fat-modules-*
-cdrom-core-modules-*
-cdrom-modules-*
-ide-modules-*
-ide-core-modules-*
-input-modules-*
-fb-modules-*
-kbd-chooser
-usb-modules-*
-usb-storage-modules-*
-scsi-core-modules-*
-# Not needed with the 2.6 kernel on amd64.
-userdevfs
-# The speakup kernel modules are not useful unless the access images are
-# provided.
-*-speakup-di
-# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
-partconf-mkfstab
-# Not needed on arches that use partman
-mdcfg
-lvmcfg
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-i386 b/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-i386
deleted file mode 100644
index 05a376b..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-i386
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# These udebs are in the d-i cdrom initrd and the cd-drivers+root floppies.
-# As such, there is no reason to keep another copy of them on the CD
-# in udeb form.
-isa-pnp-modules-*
-socket-modules-*
-console-keymaps-at
-console-keymaps-usb
-floppy-modules-*
-cdrom-core-modules-*
-cdrom-modules-*
-ide-modules-*
-ide-core-modules-*
-input-modules-*
-fb-modules-*
-kbd-chooser
-usb-modules-*
-usb-storage-modules-*
-scsi-core-modules-*
-# Not needed with the 2.4 kernel on i386.
-userdevfs
-# The speakup kernel modules are not useful unless the access images are
-# provided.
-*-speakup-di
-# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
-partconf-mkfstab
-# Not needed on arches that use partman
-mdcfg
-lvmcfg
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-powerpc b/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-powerpc
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a7df81..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-powerpc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# These udebs build the d-i cdrom initrd. As such, there is no reason
-# to keep another copy of them on the CD in udeb form.
-#
-# This duplicates data found in the file build/pkg-lists/cdrom/powerpc,
-# in d-i Subversion.
-
-cdrom-core-modules-*
-console-keymaps-at
-console-keymaps-usb
-eject-udeb
-firewire-core-modules-*
-fs-common-modules-*
-ide-modules-*
-input-modules-*
-kbd-chooser
-scsi-common-modules-*
-scsi-core-modules-*
-scsi-modules-*
-socket-modules-*
-usb-modules-*
-usb-storage-modules-*
-# Not needed with the 2.4 kernel on powerpc.
-userdevfs
-# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
-partconf-mkfstab
-# Not needed on arches that use partman
-mdcfg
-lvmcfg
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-s390 b/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-s390
deleted file mode 100644
index e075e4b..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-s390
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# S/390 does not support loading udebs off the CD image,
-# so we can exclude all udebs from it
-*
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-sparc b/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-sparc
deleted file mode 100644
index d11a81b..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/exclude-udebs-sparc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
-partconf-mkfstab
-# Not needed on arches that use partman
-mdcfg
-lvmcfg
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/hppa_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index ecce0bd..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-pcmcia-cs-udeb
-pcmciautils-udeb
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 081a743..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-pcmcia-cs-udeb
-pcmciautils-udeb
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 081a743..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/i386_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-pcmcia-cs-udeb
-pcmciautils-udeb
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/ia64_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/m68k_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/mips_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/mipsel_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index b5c5e7e..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a83dd2..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 081a743..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/powerpc_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
-pcmcia-cs-udeb
-pcmciautils-udeb
-wireless-tools-udeb
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/s390_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_businesscard_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_businesscard_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6326d6c..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_businesscard_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-choose-mirror
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_netinst_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_netinst_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_netinst_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_udeb_include b/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_udeb_include
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f1c801..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/sparc_udeb_include
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-netcfg
-ethdetect
diff --git a/data/debian-cd/etch/udeb_exclude b/data/debian-cd/etch/udeb_exclude
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e372f6..0000000
--- a/data/debian-cd/etch/udeb_exclude
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-apt-mirror-setup
diff --git a/examples/cron/images.sh b/examples/cron/images.sh
index 342f645..1c95ec8 100755
--- a/examples/cron/images.sh
+++ b/examples/cron/images.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/sh -e
# Static variables
-DISTRIBUTIONS="${DISTRIBUTIONS:-etch lenny sid}"
+DISTRIBUTIONS="${DISTRIBUTIONS:-lenny squeeze sid}"
FLAVOURS="${FLAVOURS:-standard rescue gnome-desktop kde-desktop lxde-desktop xfce-desktop}"
SOURCE="${SOURCE:-enabled}"
diff --git a/examples/hooks/all_chroot_udev-generators.sh b/examples/hooks/all_chroot_udev-generators.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2431e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/hooks/all_chroot_udev-generators.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to remove udev persistent device generator
+# rules.
+# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
+# directory.
+
+rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/*persistent-net-generator.rules
diff --git a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_beryl.sh b/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_beryl.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index ad4cb81..0000000
--- a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_beryl.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install beryl and enable aiglx.
-# It was originally written by Inigo Tejedor Arrondo <inigo at navarrux.org>.
-#
-# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
-# directory.
-#
-# For forcing aiglx activation type at boot prompt "live forceaiglx".
-# For forcing aiglx deactivation type "live noaiglx".
-
-# Importing archive signing key
-wget -O - http://debian.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg | apt-key add -
-
-# Updating indices
-apt-get update
-
-# Installing packages
-PACKAGES="beryl beryl-core beryl-manager beryl-plugins beryl-settings beryl-settings-bindings beryl-settings-simple mesa-utils"
-
-dpkg -s gnome-core > /dev/null 2>&1 && PACKAGES="${PACKAGES} emerald emerald-themes heliodor"
-dpkg -s kde-core > /dev/null 2>&1 && PACKAGES="${PACKAGES} aquamarine"
-
-apt-get install --yes ${PACKAGES}
-
-# Adding init script
-cat > /etc/init.d/aiglx << EOF
-#!/bin/sh
-activate_3d()
-{
- activate_aiglx
- activate_beryl
-}
-
-activate_aiglx()
-{
- echo "" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- echo "# Added by beryl-hook.sh" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- echo "Section \"Extensions\"" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- echo " Option \"Composite\" \"Enable\"" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- echo "EndSection" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
-
- sed -i -e "s/Section \"Device\""/"Section \"Device\"\n\t Option \"XAANoOffscreenPixmaps\" \"true\"\n\t Option \"AddARGBGLXVisuals\" \"on\"\n\t Option \"AllowGLXWithComposite\" \"true\"/" -e "s/Section \"Module\""/"Section \"Module\"\n\t Load \"i2c\"\n\t Load \"int10\"\n\t Load \"xtrap\"\n\t Load \"vbe\"/" /etc/X11/xorg.conf
-}
-
-activate_beryl()
-{
- # http://standards.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html
- ! [ -d /etc/xdg/autostart ] && mkdir -p /etc/xdg/autostart
-
-cat > /etc/xdg/autostart/beryl-manager.desktop << EOS
-[Desktop Entry]
-Encoding=UTF-8
-Name=Beryl Manager
-GenericName=3D Window Manager
-Comment=Beryl Manager daemon
-Icon=
-Exec=beryl-starter
-Terminal=false
-Type=Application
-Categories=
-EOS
-
-cat > /usr/local/bin/beryl-starter << EOS
-#!/bin/sh
-glxinfo > /dev/null 2>&1 && beryl-manager
-EOS
-
-chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/beryl-starter
-}
-
-if ! cat /proc/cmdline | grep noaiglx > /dev/null
-then
- echo "Configuring xorg for aiglx..."
- activate_3d
-fi
-EOF
-
-chmod 0755 /etc/init.d/aiglx
-update-rc.d aiglx defaults
diff --git a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw2100-modules.sh b/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw2100-modules.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index e246eb2..0000000
--- a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw2100-modules.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install ipw2100 drivers
-# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
-# directory.
-#
-# Note: This hook requires packages from the contrib category. Make sure you enabled
-# it in your configuration.
-
-apt-get install --yes build-essential
-
-# Building kernel module
-which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
-module-assistant update
-
-for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
-do
- VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
-
- module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install ipw2100 -l ${VERSION}
-done
-
-module-assistant clean ipw2100
-
-# Installing firmware (http://ipw2100.sourceforge.net/firmware.php)
-wget --referer "http://ipw2100.sourceforge.net/firmware.php" "http://ipw2100.sourceforge.net/firmware.php?i_agree_to_the_license=yes&f=ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz" -O /tmp/ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz
-
-cd /tmp
-tar xfvz ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz
-mv ipw2100-1.3* /lib/firmware
-rm -f ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz
-cd ${OLDPWD}
diff --git a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw2200-modules.sh b/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw2200-modules.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 145ca8b..0000000
--- a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw2200-modules.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install ipw2200 drivers
-# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
-# directory.
-#
-# Note: This hook requires packages from the contrib category. Make sure you enabled
-# it in your configuration.
-
-apt-get install --yes build-essential
-
-# Building kernel mdoule
-which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
-module-assistant update
-
-for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
-do
- VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
-
- module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install ipw2200 -l ${VERSION}
-done
-
-module-assistant clean ipw2200
-
-# Installing firmware (http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php)
-wget --referer "http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php" "http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php?i_agree_to_the_license=yes&f=ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz" -O /tmp/ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz
-
-cd /tmp
-tar xfvz ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz
-cp ipw2200-fw-3.0/*.fw /lib/firmware/
-rm -rf ipw2200-fw-3.0*
-cd ${OLDPWD}
diff --git a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw3945-modules.sh b/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw3945-modules.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index f805cf9..0000000
--- a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_ipw3945-modules.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install ipw3945 drivers
-# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
-# directory.
-#
-# Note: This hook requires packages from the contrib and non-free category. Make
-# sure you enabled it in your configuration.
-
-apt-get install --yes build-essential
-
-# Building kernel module
-which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
-module-assistant update
-
-for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
-do
- VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
-
- module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install ipw3945 -l ${VERSION}
-done
-
-module-assistant clean ipw3945
-
-# Installing additional stuff
-apt-get install firmware-ipw3945 ipw3945d
-
-# hackish, autorun regulatory daemon, update-rc.d will reject that
-ln -s /etc/init.d/ipw3945d /etc/rc2.d/S19ipw3945d
diff --git a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_unionfs-modules.sh b/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_unionfs-modules.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 20f0886..0000000
--- a/examples/hooks/etch_chroot_unionfs-modules.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install unionfs drivers
-# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
-# directory.
-#
-# Note: You only want to use this hook if there is no prebuild unionfs-modules-*
-# package available for your kernel flavour.
-
-apt-get install --yes build-essential
-
-# Building kernel module
-which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
-module-assistant update
-
-for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
-do
- VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
-
- module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install unionfs -l ${VERSION}
-done
-
-module-assistant clean unionfs
diff --git a/examples/hooks/lenny_chroot_kpdf-nodrm.sh b/examples/hooks/lenny_chroot_kpdf-nodrm.sh
index 99fa3e9..bbc46b9 100755
--- a/examples/hooks/lenny_chroot_kpdf-nodrm.sh
+++ b/examples/hooks/lenny_chroot_kpdf-nodrm.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
if [ -d /usr/share/config ]
then
- # KDE3 (etch/lenny)
cat > /usr/share/config/kpdfpartrc << EOF
[General]
diff --git a/functions/defaults.sh b/functions/defaults.sh
index 30cdfc6..3179df0 100755
--- a/functions/defaults.sh
+++ b/functions/defaults.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ Set_defaults ()
{
## config/common
+ LH_BASE="${LH_BASE:-/usr/share/live-helper}"
+
# Setting mode
if [ -z "${LH_MODE}" ]
then
@@ -36,12 +38,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
fi
# Setting package manager
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- LH_APT="${LH_APT:-aptitude}"
- else
- LH_APT="${LH_APT:-apt}"
- fi
+ LH_APT="${LH_APT:-apt}"
# Setting apt ftp proxy
if [ -z "${LH_APT_FTP_PROXY}" ] && [ -n "${ftp_proxy}" ]
@@ -142,15 +139,6 @@ Set_defaults ()
if [ "${LH_INITRAMFS}" = "auto" ]
then
case "${LH_MODE}" in
- debian|debian-release)
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- LH_INITRAMFS="casper"
- else
- LH_INITRAMFS="live-initramfs"
- fi
- ;;
-
ubuntu)
LH_INITRAMFS="casper"
;;
@@ -231,13 +219,13 @@ Set_defaults ()
# Setting includes
if [ -z "${LH_INCLUDES}" ]
then
- LH_INCLUDES="${LH_BASE:-/usr/share/live-helper}/includes"
+ LH_INCLUDES="${LH_BASE}/includes"
fi
# Setting templates
if [ -z "${LH_TEMPLATES}" ]
then
- LH_TEMPLATES="${LH_BASE:-/usr/share/live-helper}/templates"
+ LH_TEMPLATES="${LH_BASE}/templates"
fi
# Setting live helper options
@@ -431,15 +419,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
LH_EXPOSED_ROOT="${LH_EXPOSED_ROOT:-disabled}"
# Setting union filesystem
- if [ -z "${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM}" ]
- then
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM="unionfs"
- else
- LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM="aufs"
- fi
- fi
+ LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM="${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM:-aufs}"
# LH_HOOKS
@@ -568,12 +548,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
;;
sparc)
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- LH_LINUX_FLAVOURS="sparc32"
- else
- LH_LINUX_FLAVOURS="sparc64"
- fi
+ LH_LINUX_FLAVOURS="sparc64"
;;
arm|armel|m68k)
@@ -594,7 +569,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
case "${LH_MODE}" in
debian|debian-release|embedian)
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
- etch|lenny|squeeze)
+ lenny|squeeze)
LH_LINUX_PACKAGES="linux-image-2.6 \${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM}-modules-2.6"
;;
@@ -606,7 +581,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
if [ "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" = "squashfs" ]
then
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
- etch|lenny)
+ lenny)
LH_LINUX_PACKAGES="${LH_LINUX_PACKAGES} squashfs-modules-2.6"
;;
esac
@@ -969,15 +944,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
LH_SYSLINUX_TIMEOUT="${LH_SYSLINUX_TIMEOUT:-0}"
# Setting syslinux menu
- case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
- etch)
- LH_SYSLINUX_MENU="${LH_SYSLINUX_MENU:-disabled}"
- ;;
-
- *)
- LH_SYSLINUX_MENU="${LH_SYSLINUX_MENU:-enabled}"
- ;;
- esac
+ LH_SYSLINUX_MENU="${LH_SYSLINUX_MENU:-enabled}"
# Setting syslinux menu live entries
case "${LH_MODE}" in
@@ -1029,12 +996,17 @@ Check_defaults ()
# except when bootstrapping the functions/defaults etc.).
CURRENT_CONFIG_VERSION="$(echo ${LH_CONFIG_VERSION} | awk -F. '{ print $1 }')"
- if [ ${CURRENT_CONFIG_VERSION} -ge 2 ]
+ if [ ${CURRENT_CONFIG_VERSION} -ge 3 ]
then
Echo_error "This config tree is too new for this version of live-helper (${VERSION})."
Echo_error "Aborting build, please get a new version of live-helper."
exit 1
+ elif [ ${CURRENT_CONFIG_VERSION} -eq 1 ]
+ then
+ Echo_error "This config tree is too old for this version of live-heloer (${VERSION})."
+ Echo_error "Aborting build, please repopulate the config tree."
+ exit 1
elif [ ${CURRENT_CONFIG_VERSION} -lt 1 ]
then
Echo_warning "This config tree does not specify a format version or has an unknown version number."
@@ -1042,22 +1014,6 @@ Check_defaults ()
fi
fi
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- # etch + live-initramfs
- if [ "${LH_INITRAMFS}" = "live-initramfs" ]
- then
- Echo_warning "You selected LH_DISTRIBUTION='etch' and LH_INITRAMFS='live-initramfs'. This configuration is potentially unsafe as live-initramfs is not part of the etch distribution. Either make sure that live-initramfs is installable (e.g. through setting up etch-backports repository as third-party source or putting a valid live-initramfs deb into config/chroot_local-packages) or change your config to the etch default (casper)."
- fi
-
- # etch + aufs
- if [ "${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM}" = "aufs" ]
- then
- Echo_warning "You selected LH_DISTRIBUTION='etch' and LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM='aufs'. This configuration is potentially unsafe as live-initramfs is not part of the etch distribution. Either make sure that live-initramfs is installable (e.g. through setting up etch-backports repository as third-party source or putting a valid live-initramfs deb into config/chroot_local-packages) or change your config to the etch default (casper)."
-
- fi
- fi
-
if echo ${LH_PACKAGES_LISTS} | grep -qs -E "(stripped|minimal)\b"
then
# aptitude + stripped|minimal
diff --git a/functions/releases.sh b/functions/releases.sh
index c383c08..a705097 100755
--- a/functions/releases.sh
+++ b/functions/releases.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
# under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
# Debian releases
-RELEASE_etch="4.0 r8"
RELEASE_lenny="5.0.3"
RELEASE_squeeze="6"
RELEASE_sid="unstable"
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_debian-installer b/helpers/lh_binary_debian-installer
index daa927f..046e1b4 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_debian-installer
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_debian-installer
@@ -85,12 +85,6 @@ case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
tar|usb-hdd)
DESTDIR="binary/install"
-
- # Workaround for syslinux (<< 3.36) which doesn't support long file/path names
- if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ] && [ "${LH_BOOTLOADER}" = "syslinux" ]
- then
- DESTDIR="binary"
- fi
;;
*)
@@ -138,12 +132,7 @@ case "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" in
DI_REMOTE_KERNEL="$(basename chroot/boot/vmlinuz-*${DEFAULT_FLAVOUR})"
DI_REMOTE_BASE_GTK="none"
- if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- DI_REMOTE_BASE="cdrom/2.6"
- else
- DI_REMOTE_BASE="cdrom"
- fi
+ DI_REMOTE_BASE="cdrom"
;;
*)
case "${DI_IMAGE_TYPE}" in
@@ -236,22 +225,6 @@ VMLINUZ_GI="gtk/vmlinuz"
INITRD_GI="gtk/initrd.gz"
DESTDIR_GI="${DESTDIR}/gtk"
-# Workaround for syslinux (<< 3.36) which doesn't support long file/path names
-if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
-then
- case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
- usb-hdd|tar)
- VMLINUZ_DI="vmlinuz.di"
- INITRD_DI="initrddi.gz"
- DESTDIR_DI="${DESTDIR}"
-
- VMLINUZ_GI="vmlinuz.gi"
- INITRD_GI="initrdgi.gz"
- DESTDIR_GI="${DESTDIR}"
- ;;
- esac
-fi
-
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "daily" ]
then
LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION="sid"
@@ -297,13 +270,7 @@ if [ "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" = "sparc" ] && [ "${DI_IMAGE_TYPE}" = "netboot" ]
then
# There are no prepared kernel/initrd pairs for sparc netboot so we
# must unpack them from a mini.iso
-
- if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- Download_file mini.iso ${URL}/combined/2.6/mini.iso
- else
- Download_file mini.iso ${URL}/mini.iso
- fi
+ Download_file mini.iso ${URL}/mini.iso
mkdir mini.tmp
${LH_ROOT_COMMAND} mount -o loop -t iso9660 mini.iso mini.tmp
@@ -367,21 +334,11 @@ then
sparc)
DI_REQ_PACKAGES="silo"
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_REQ_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-sparc64 linux-image-2.6-sparc64-smp"
-
- if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- DI_PACKAGES="${DI_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-sparc32"
- fi
;;
powerpc)
DI_REQ_PACKAGES="yaboot"
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_REQ_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-powerpc linux-image-2.6-powerpc64 linux-image-2.6-powerpc-smp"
-
- if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- DI_PACKAGES="${DI_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-prep"
- fi
;;
esac
@@ -560,7 +517,7 @@ then
done < exclude
# Enable live-installer
- if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" = "live" ] && [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
+ if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" = "live" ]
then
# Remove local udebs
rm -f pool/main/b/base-installer/bootstrap-base_*.udeb
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_grub b/helpers/lh_binary_grub
index 0d23ebb..a30aa3d 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_grub
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_grub
@@ -78,11 +78,7 @@ Grub_install_entry ()
INITRD="${3}"
APPEND="${4}"
- # Boot in quiet mode where appropriate
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
- then
- QAPPEND="quiet"
- fi
+ QAPPEND="quiet"
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
do
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_grub2 b/helpers/lh_binary_grub2
index 2946214..a04ad8f 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_grub2
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_grub2
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Grub_install_entry ()
INITRD="${3}"
APPEND="${4}"
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
+ if [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
then
APPEND="${APPEND} quiet"
fi
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_rootfs b/helpers/lh_binary_rootfs
index aab7e5a..749a6f4 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_rootfs
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_rootfs
@@ -133,12 +133,7 @@ case "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" in
DU_DIM="$(du -ks chroot/chroot | cut -f1)"
REAL_DIM="$(Calculate_partition_size ${DU_DIM} ${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM})"
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- RESERVED_PERCENTAGE="--reserved-blocks"
- else
- RESERVED_PERCENTAGE="--reserved-percentage"
- fi
+ RESERVED_PERCENTAGE="--reserved-percentage"
case "${LH_CHROOT_BUILD}" in
enabled)
@@ -301,10 +296,7 @@ case "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" in
# Remove stale squashfs image
rm -f chroot/filesystem.squashfs
- if [ "${_QUIET}" = "enabled" ] && [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
- then
- MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -no-progress"
- fi
+ MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -no-progress"
if [ "${_VERBOSE}" = "enabled" ]
then
@@ -366,15 +358,6 @@ case "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" in
if [ -f config/binary_rootfs/excludes ]
then
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
- etch)
- MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -ef config/binary_rootfs/excludes"
-
- if grep '*' config/binary_rootfs/excludes > /dev/null
- then
- Echo_warning "etch squashfs does not support wildcard excludes in config/binary_rootfs/excludes and are ignored. Please build in chrooted mode or adjust your exclude file."
- fi
- ;;
-
lenny|sid)
MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -wildcards -ef config/binary_rootfs/excludes"
;;
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_silo b/helpers/lh_binary_silo
index e3734c9..5dd7680 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_silo
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_silo
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Silo_install_entry ()
DIRECTORY="/$(basename ${DESTDIR_INSTALL})"
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
+ if [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
then
APPEND="${APPEND} quiet"
fi
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_syslinux b/helpers/lh_binary_syslinux
index 75d6cd5..a6ad7e3 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_syslinux
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_syslinux
@@ -149,10 +149,7 @@ Syslinux_install_entry ()
APPEND="${4}"
# Boot in quiet mode where appropriate
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
- then
- QAPPEND="quiet"
- fi
+ QAPPEND="quiet"
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
do
@@ -351,47 +348,6 @@ Configure_syslinux_templates ()
fi
;;
esac
-
- # Syslinux v3.31 in etch does not support include statements
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
- then
- while grep -qs ^include ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg
- do
- INCLUDES=$(grep ^include ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg | awk '{print $2}')
-
- for FILE_PATH in ${INCLUDES}
- do
- FILE_NAME=$(basename ${FILE_PATH})
-
- sed -i -e '\@include '${FILE_PATH}'@ {
- r '${SCREEN_PATH}/${FILE_NAME}'
- d
- }' ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg
-
- # remove the files, which were included
- if [ -e ${SCREEN_PATH}/${FILE_NAME} ]
- then
- rm -f ${SCREEN_PATH}/${FILE_NAME}
- fi
- done
- done
-
- if [ -e ${SCREEN_PATH}/live.cfg ]
- then
- cat ${SCREEN_PATH}/live.cfg >> ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg
- rm -f ${SCREEN_PATH}/live.cfg
- fi
-
- # Syslinux v3.31 in etch does not support sub directories, /path/kernel,
- # when using FAT hard drive images, remove leading /'s
- if [ "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" = "usb-hdd" ]
- then
- for FILE in ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg ${SCREEN_PATH}/boot.txt
- do
- sed -i -e 's|/||' ${FILE}
- done
- fi
- fi
}
# Setting up common variables
@@ -440,21 +396,6 @@ case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
LIVE_INSTALL_KERNEL_PATH="/install"
LIVE_SCREEN_PATH="/syslinux"
LIVE_DATA_PATH="${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}"
-
- # Syslinux v3.31 in etch does not support sub directories, /path/kernel,
- # when using FAT hard drive images
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ] && [ "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" = "usb-hdd" ]
- then
- SYSLINUX_PATH="binary"
- KERNEL_PATH="binary"
- SCREEN_PATH="binary"
- DATA_PATH="binary"
- LIVE_KERNEL_PATH=""
- LIVE_INSTALL_KERNEL_PATH=""
- LIVE_SCREEN_PATH=""
- LIVE_DATA_PATH=""
- fi
-
MEDIA="hd-media"
;;
esac
@@ -679,10 +620,7 @@ case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
sed -i -e "s|^include |include ${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}/|g" "${FILE}"
done
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
- then
- sed -i -e "s| f| ${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}/f|g" ${SCREEN_PATH}/prompt.cfg
- fi
+ sed -i -e "s| f| ${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}/f|g" ${SCREEN_PATH}/prompt.cfg
mv ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg ${KERNEL_PATH}/pxelinux.cfg/default
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_win32-loader b/helpers/lh_binary_win32-loader
index d5a97e1..7eb7eea 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_win32-loader
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_win32-loader
@@ -42,31 +42,29 @@ Check_lockfile .lock
# Creating lock file
Create_lockfile .lock
-if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
-then
- case "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" in
- amd64|i386|lpia)
- if [ "${LH_CHROOT_BUILD}" = "enabled" ]
- then
- # Checking depends
- Check_package chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/win32-loader.exe win32-loader
+case "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" in
+ amd64|i386|lpia)
+ if [ "${LH_CHROOT_BUILD}" = "enabled" ]
+ then
+ # Checking depends
+ Check_package chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/win32-loader.exe win32-loader
- # Restoring cache
- Restore_cache cache/packages_binary
+ # Restoring cache
+ Restore_cache cache/packages_binary
- # Installing depends
- Install_package
+ # Installing depends
+ Install_package
- # Copying win32-loader
- cp chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
- else
- cp /usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
- fi
+ # Copying win32-loader
+ cp chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
+ else
+ cp /usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
+ fi
- mv binary/win32-loader.exe binary/setup.exe
+ mv binary/win32-loader.exe binary/setup.exe
- if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" != "disabled" ]
- then
+ if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" != "disabled" ]
+ then
cat > binary/win32-loader.ini << EOF
[installer]
@@ -81,20 +79,19 @@ g2ldr=g2ldr
g2ldr.mbr=g2ldr.mbr
EOF
- fi
+ fi
- # Saving cache
- Save_cache cache/packages_binary
+ # Saving cache
+ Save_cache cache/packages_binary
- # Removing depends
- Remove_package
- ;;
+ # Removing depends
+ Remove_package
+ ;;
- *)
- Echo_warning "win32-loader inclusion is enabled but not compatible with your architecture, ignoring."
- ;;
- esac
-fi
+ *)
+ Echo_warning "win32-loader inclusion is enabled but not compatible with your architecture, ignoring."
+ ;;
+esac
# Creating stage file
Create_stagefile .stage/binary_win32-loader
diff --git a/helpers/lh_binary_yaboot b/helpers/lh_binary_yaboot
index 6f528c1..d0e707c 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_binary_yaboot
+++ b/helpers/lh_binary_yaboot
@@ -84,10 +84,7 @@ Yaboot_install_entry ()
DIRECTORY="/$(basename ${DESTDIR_INSTALL})"
- if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
- then
- QAPPEND="quiet"
- fi
+ QAPPEND="quiet"
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
do
diff --git a/helpers/lh_bootstrap_debootstrap b/helpers/lh_bootstrap_debootstrap
index b347a6b..4c30895 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_bootstrap_debootstrap
+++ b/helpers/lh_bootstrap_debootstrap
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ fi
if [ "${LH_ARCHIVE_AREAS}" != "main" ]
then
# Modify archive areas to remove leading/trailing whitespaces and replace other whitepspace with commas
- DEBOOTSTRAP_OPTIONS="${DEBOOTSTRAP_OPTIONS} --components $(echo ${LH_ARCHIVE_AREAS} | sed -E -e 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' -e 's/[ \t]+/,/g')"
+ DEBOOTSTRAP_OPTIONS="${DEBOOTSTRAP_OPTIONS} --components $(echo ${LH_ARCHIVE_AREAS} | sed -e 's| |,|g')"
fi
if [ -n "${LH_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG}" ]
diff --git a/helpers/lh_chroot_hacks b/helpers/lh_chroot_hacks
index 5aa45a6..84e2567 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_chroot_hacks
+++ b/helpers/lh_chroot_hacks
@@ -40,12 +40,6 @@ Create_lockfile .lock
# Removing udev mac caching rule
rm -f chroot/etc/udev/rules.d/*persistent-net.rules
-# Remove resume
-if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ] && [ -e /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume ]
-then
- rm -f /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume
-fi
-
case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
net)
if [ ! -f chroot/usr/bin/smbmount ]
diff --git a/helpers/lh_chroot_sources b/helpers/lh_chroot_sources
index 31c6124..605dd80 100755
--- a/helpers/lh_chroot_sources
+++ b/helpers/lh_chroot_sources
@@ -78,12 +78,19 @@ case "${1}" in
# Check local sources.list
if Find_files config/chroot_sources/*.chroot
then
- echo "" >> chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
- echo "# Custom repositories" >> chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
+ # Deconfigure (possibly) old sources.list snipplets
+ if Find_files config/chroot_sources/*.binary
+ then
+ for FILE in config/chroot_sources/*.binary
+ do
+ rm -f "chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/$(basename ${FILE} .binary).list"
+ done
+ fi
+ # Configure new sources.list snipplets
for FILE in config/chroot_sources/*.chroot
do
- cat ${FILE} | grep -v "^##" >> chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
+ cp "${FILE}" "chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/$(basename ${FILE} .chroot).list"
done
fi
@@ -401,12 +408,19 @@ case "${1}" in
# Check local sources.list
if Find_files config/chroot_sources/*.binary
then
- echo "" >> chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
- echo "# Custom repositories" >> chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
+ # Deconfigure (possibly) old sources.list snipplets
+ if Find_files config/chroot_sources/*.chroot
+ then
+ for FILE in config/chroot_sources/*.chroot
+ do
+ rm -f "chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/$(basename ${FILE} .chroot).list"
+ done
+ fi
+ # Configure new sources.list snipplets
for FILE in config/chroot_sources/*.binary
do
- cat ${FILE} | grep -v "^##" >> chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
+ cp "${FILE}" "chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/$(basename ${FILE} .binary).list"
done
fi
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/00-INDEX b/includes/etch/common/doc/00-INDEX
deleted file mode 100644
index 041eaca..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/00-INDEX
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-What's in /debian/doc?
-
---- General Documentation
-FAQ/ Debian FAQ List in html, postscript, and plain text
-constitution.txt Debian Constitution
-debian-manifesto How it all started...
-mailing-lists.txt How to subscribe to the Debian mailing lists
-social-contract.txt Debian Social Contract and Free Software Guidelines
-source-unpack.txt How to unpack a Debian source package
-debian-keyring.tar.gz PGP keys of all the developers.
-
-
---- The Bug Tracking System for users
-bug-reporting.txt How to report a bug in Debian
-bug-log-mailserver.txt Introduction to the bug system request server
-bug-log-access.txt Accessing bug reports in the tracking system
-bug-mailserver-refcard.txt Mail server's reference card
-
-
---- Debian Developer's Information
-bug-maint-info.txt Developer's information re the bug system
-bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt Introduction to the bug control mailserver
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.html.tar.gz b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.html.tar.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index abee0f9..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.pdf.gz b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.pdf.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b428a1..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.ps.gz b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.ps.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ff0949..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.txt.gz b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/debian-faq.en.txt.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index aeaaa41..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-basic_defs.en.html b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-basic_defs.en.html
deleted file mode 100644
index cc55653..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/ch-basic_defs.en.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,610 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Definitions and overview</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-basic_defs"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="index.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ 1 ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 1 - Definitions and overview
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-whatisfaq"></a>1.1 What is this FAQ?</h2>
-
-<p>
-This document gives frequently asked questions (with their answers!) about the
-Debian distribution (Debian GNU/Linux and others) and about the Debian project.
-If applicable, pointers to other documentation will be given: we won't quote
-large parts of external documentation in this document. You'll find out that
-some answers assume some knowledge of Unix-like operating systems. We'll try
-to assume as little prior knowledge as possible: answers to general beginners
-questions will be kept simple.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you can't find what you're looking for in this FAQ, be sure to check out <a
-href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other documentation exists on and
-for a Debian system?, Section 12.1</a>. If even that doesn't help, refer to <a
-href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback">Feedback, Section 16.2</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-whatisdebian"></a>1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux is a particular <em>distribution</em> of the Linux operating
-system, and numerous packages that run on it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux is:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>full featured</strong>: Debian includes more than 18200 software
-packages at present. Users can select which packages to install; Debian
-provides a tool for this purpose. You can find a list and descriptions of the
-packages currently available in Debian at any of the Debian <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist">mirror sites</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>free to use and redistribute</strong>: There is no consortium
-membership or payment required to participate in its distribution and
-development. All packages that are formally part of Debian GNU/Linux are free
-to redistribute, usually under terms specified by the GNU General Public
-License.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Debian FTP archives also carry approximately 560 software packages (in the
-<samp>non-free</samp> and <samp>contrib</samp> sections), which are
-distributable under specific terms included with each package.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>dynamic</strong>: With about 1060 volunteers constantly contributing
-new and improved code, Debian is evolving rapidly. The FTP archives are
-updated twice every day.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Most Linux users run a specific <em>distribution</em> of Linux, like Debian
-GNU/Linux. However, in principle, users could obtain the Linux kernel via the
-Internet or from elsewhere, and compile it themselves. They could then obtain
-source code for many applications in the same way, compile the programs, then
-install them into their systems. For complicated programs, this process can be
-not only time-consuming but error-prone. To avoid it, users often choose to
-obtain the operating system and the application packages from one of the Linux
-distributors. What distinguishes the various Linux distributors are the
-software, protocols, and practices they use for packaging, installing, and
-tracking applications packages on users' systems, combined with installation
-and maintenance tools, documentation, and other services.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux is the result of a volunteer effort to create a free,
-high-quality Unix-compatible operating system, complete with a suite of
-applications. The idea of a free Unix-like system originates from the GNU
-project, and many of the applications that make Debian GNU/Linux so useful were
-developed by the GNU project.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For Debian, free has the GNUish meaning (see the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines">Debian Free Software
-Guidelines</a></code>). When we speak of free software, we are referring to
-freedom, not price. Free software means that you have the freedom to
-distribute copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it
-if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
-free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Debian Project was created by Ian Murdock in 1993, initially under the
-sponsorship of the Free Software Foundation's GNU project. Today, Debian's
-developers think of it as a direct descendent of the GNU project.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Although Debian GNU/Linux itself is free software, it is a base upon which
-value-added Linux distributions can be built. By providing a reliable,
-full-featured base system, Debian provides Linux users with increased
-compatibility, and allows Linux distribution creators to eliminate duplication
-of effort and focus on the things that make their distribution special. See <a
-href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro">I am making a special Linux
-distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for
-the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?, Section
-14.3</a> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-linux"></a>1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!</h2>
-
-<p>
-In short, Linux is the kernel of a Unix-like operating system. It was
-originally designed for 386 (and better) PCs; today Linux also runs on a dozen
-of other systems. Linux is written by Linus Torvalds and many computer
-scientists around the world.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Besides its kernel, a "Linux" system usually has:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-a file system that follows the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard <code><a
-href="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/">http://www.pathname.com/fhs/</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-a wide range of Unix utilities, many of which have been developed by the GNU
-project and the Free Software Foundation.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-The combination of the Linux kernel, the file system, the GNU and FSF
-utilities, and the other utilities are designed to achieve compliance with the
-POSIX (IEEE 1003.1) standard; see <a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices">How
-source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?, Section 4.3</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more information about Linux, see <code><a
-href="http://www.linux.org/info/">What is Linux</a></code> by <code><a
-href="http://www.linux.org/">Linux Online</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-non-linux"></a>1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Currently, Debian is only available for Linux, but with Debian GNU/Hurd and
-Debian on BSD kernels, we have started to offer non-Linux-based OSes as a
-development, server and desktop platform, too. However, these non-linux ports
-are not officially released yet.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The oldest porting effort is Debian GNU/Hurd.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Hurd is a set of servers running on top of the GNU Mach microkernel.
-Together they build the base for the GNU operating system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Please see <code><a
-href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/">http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/</a></code>
-for more information about the GNU/Hurd in general, and <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/">http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/</a></code>
-for more information about Debian GNU/Hurd.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A second effort is the port to a BSD kernel. People are working with both the
-NetBSD and the FreeBSD kernels.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-See <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/ports/#nonlinux">http://www.debian.org/ports/#nonlinux</a></code>
-for more information about these non-linux ports.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-difference"></a>1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?</h2>
-
-<p>
-These key features distinguish Debian from other Linux distributions:
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt>Freedom:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-As stated in the <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract">Debian
-Social Contract</a></code>, Debian will remain 100% free. Debian is very
-strict about shipping truly free software. The guidelines used to determine if
-a work is "free" are provided in <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines">The Debian Free
-Software</a></code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>The Debian package maintenance system:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-The entire system, or any individual component of it, can be upgraded in place
-without reformatting, without losing custom configuration files, and (in most
-cases) without rebooting the system. Most Linux distributions available today
-have some kind of package maintenance system; the Debian package maintenance
-system is unique and particularly robust (see <a
-href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">Basics of the Debian package management system,
-Chapter 7</a>).
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>Open development:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-Whereas other Linux distributions are developed by individuals, small, closed
-groups, or commercial vendors, Debian is the only major Linux distribution that
-is being developed cooperatively by many individuals through the Internet, in
-the same spirit as Linux and other free software.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-More than 1060 volunteer package maintainers are working on over 18200 packages
-and improving Debian GNU/Linux. The Debian developers contribute to the
-project not by writing new applications (in most cases), but by packaging
-existing software according to the standards of the project, by communicating
-bug reports to upstream developers, and by providing user support. See also
-additional information on how to become a contributor in <a
-href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib">How can I become a Debian software
-developer?, Section 13.1</a>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>The Universal Operating System:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-Debian comes with <code><a href="http://packages.debian.org/stable/">more than
-18200 packages</a></code> and runs on <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/ports/">11 architectures</a></code>. This is far
-more than is available for any other GNU/Linux distribution. See <a
-href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps">What types of applications and development
-software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?, Section 5.1</a> for an overview
-of the provided software and see <a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches">On what
-hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?, Section 4.1</a> for
-a description of the supported hardware platforms.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>The Bug Tracking System:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-The geographical dispersion of the Debian developers required sophisticated
-tools and quick communication of bugs and bug-fixes to accelerate the
-development of the system. Users are encouraged to send bugs in a formal
-style, which are quickly accessible by WWW archives or via e-mail. See
-additional information in this FAQ on the management of the bug log in <a
-href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs">Are there logs of known bugs?, Section
-12.4</a>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>The Debian Policy:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-Debian has an extensive specification of our standards of quality, the Debian
-Policy. This document defines the qualities and standards to which we hold
-Debian packages.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<p>
-For additional information about this, please see our web page about <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/intro/why_debian">reasons to choose
-Debian</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-gnu"></a>1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The Debian system builds on the ideals of free software first championed by the
-<code><a href="http://www.gnu.org/">Free Software Foundation</a></code> and in
-particular by <code><a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
-Stallman</a></code>. FSF's powerful system development tools, utilities, and
-applications are also a key part of the Debian system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Debian Project is a separate entity from the FSF, however we communicate
-regularly and cooperate on various projects. The FSF explicitly requested that
-we call our system "Debian GNU/Linux", and we are happy to comply
-with that request.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The FSF's long-standing objective is to develop a new operating system called
-GNU, based on <code><a
-href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/">Hurd</a></code>. Debian is working
-with FSF on this system, called <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/">Debian GNU/Hurd</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pronunciation"></a>1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The project name is pronounced Deb'-ee-en, with a short e in Deb, and emphasis
-on the first syllable. This word is a contraction of the names of Debra and
-Ian Murdock, who founded the project. (Dictionaries seem to offer some
-ambiguity in the pronunciation of Ian (!), but Ian prefers ee'-en.)
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="index.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ 1 ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Choosing a Debian distribution</title>
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-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
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-[ 3 ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
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-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 3 - Choosing a Debian distribution
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-There are many different Debian distributions. Choosing the proper Debian
-distribution is an important decission. This section covers some information
-useful for users that want to make the choice best suited for their system and
-also answers possible questions that might be arising during the process. It
-does not deal with "why you should choose Debian" but rather
-"which distribution of Debian".
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more information on the available distributions read <a
-href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists">How many Debian distributions are there?,
-Section 6.1</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s3.1"></a>3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The answer is a bit complicated. It really depends on what you intend to do.
-One solution would be to ask a friend who runs Debian. But that does not mean
-that you cannot make an independent decision. In fact, you should be able to
-decide once you complete reading this chapter.
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-If security or stability are at all important for you: install stable. period.
-This is the most preferred way.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-If you are a new user installing to a desktop machine, start with stable. Some
-of the software is quite old, but it's the least buggy environment to work in.
-You can easily switch to the more modern unstable once you are a little more
-confident.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-If you are a desktop user with some experience in Linux and does not mind
-facing the odd bug now and then, use unstable. It has all the latest and
-greatest software, and bugs are usually fixed swiftly.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-If you are running a server, especially one that has strong stability
-requirements or is exposed to the Internet, install stable. This is by far the
-strongest and safest choice.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-The following questions (hopefully) provide more detail on these choices.
-After reading this whole FAQ, if you still could not make a decision, stick
-with the stable distribution.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.1"></a>3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Try to search the web using a search engine and see if someone else is able to
-get it working in stable. Most of the hardware should work fine with stable.
-But if you have some state-of-the-art, cutting edge hardware, it might not work
-with stable. If this is the case, you might want to install/upgrade to
-unstable.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For laptops, <code><a
-href="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/">http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/</a></code>
-is a very good website to see if someone else is able to get it to work under
-Linux. The website is not specific to Debian, but is nevertheless a tremendous
-resource. I am not aware of any such website for desktops.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Another option would be to ask in the debian-user mailing list by sending an
-email to debian-user at lists.debian.org . Messages can be posted to the list
-even without subscribing. The archives can be read through <code><a
-href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/">http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/</a></code>
-Information regarding subscribing to the list can be found at the location of
-archives. You are strongly encourage to post your questions on the
-mailing-list than on <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/support">irc</a></code>. The mailing-list messages
-are archived, so solution to your problem can help others with the same issue.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.2"></a>3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Yes. Unstable has the most recent (latest) versions. But the packages in
-unstable are not well tested and might have bugs.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-On the other hand, stable contains old versions of packages. But this package
-is well tested and is less likely to have any bugs.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The packages in testing fall between these two extremes.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.3"></a>3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Well, you might be correct. The age of the packages at stable depends on when
-the last release was made. Since there is typically over 1 year between
-releases you might find that stable contains old versions of packages.
-However, they have been tested in and out. One can confidently say that the
-packages do not have any known severe bugs, security holes etc., in them. The
-packages in stable integrate seamlessly with other stable packages. These
-characteristics are very important for production servers which have to work 24
-hours a day, 7 days a week.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-On the other hand, packages in testing or unstable can have hidden bugs,
-security holes etc., Moreover, some packages in testing and unstable might not
-be working as intended. Usually people working on a single desktop prefer
-having the latest and most modern set of packages. Unstable is the solution
-for this group of people.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-As you can see, stability and novelty are two opposing ends of the spectrum.
-If stability is required: install stable distribution. If you want to work
-with the latest packages, then install unstable.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.4"></a>3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Yes, but it is a one way process. You can go from stable --> testing -->
-unstable. But the reverse direction is not "possible". So better be
-sure if you are planning to install/upgrade to unstable.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Actually, if you are an expert and if you are willing to spend some time and if
-you are real careful and if you know what you are doing, then it might be
-possible to go from unstable to testing and then to stable. The installer
-scripts are not designed to do that. So in the process, your configuration
-files might be lost and....
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.5"></a>3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?</h3>
-
-<p>
-This is a rather subjective issue. There is no perfect answer but only a
-"wise guess" could be made while deciding between unstable and
-testing. My personal order of preference is Stable, Unstable and Testing. The
-issue is like this:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Stable is rock solid. It does not break.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Testing breaks less often than Unstable. But when it breaks, it takes a long
-time for things to get rectified. Sometimes this could be days and it could be
-months at times.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Unstable changes a lot, and it can break at any point. However, fixes get
-rectified in many occasions in a couple of days and it always has the latest
-releases of software packaged for Debian.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-But there are times when tracking testing would be beneficial as opposed to
-unstable. The author such situation due to the gcc transition from gcc3 to
-gcc4. He was trying to install the <code>labplot</code> package on a machine
-tracking unstable and it could not be installed in unstable as some of its
-dependencies have undergone gcc4 transition and some have not. But the package
-in testing was installable on a testing machine as the gcc4 transitioned
-packages had not "trickled down" to testing.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.6"></a>3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Sometimes, a package might not be installable through package management tools.
-Sometimes, a package might not be available at all, maybe it was (temporarily)
-removed due to bugs or unmet dependencies. Sometimes, a package installs but
-does not behave in the proper way.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When these things happen, the distribution is said to be broken (at least for
-this package).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.7"></a>3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?</h3>
-
-<p>
-The bug fixes and improvements introduced in the unstable distribution trickle
-down to testing after a certain number of days. Let's say this threshold is 10
-days. The packages in unstable go into testing only when there are no RC-bugs
-reported against them. If there is a RC-bug filed against a package in
-unstable, it will not go into testing after the 10 days.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The idea is that, if the package has any problems, it would be discovered by
-people using unstable and will be fixed before it enters testing. This keeps
-the testing in an usable state for most period of the time. Overall a
-brilliant concept, if you ask me. But things are alwasy not so simple.
-Consider the following situation:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Imagine you are interested in package XYZ.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Let's assume that on June 10, the version in testing is XYZ-3.6 and in unstable
-it is XYZ-3.7
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-After 10 days, XYZ-3.7 from unstable migrates into testing.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-So on June 20, both testing and unstable have XYZ-3.7 in their repositories.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Let's say, The user of testing distribution sees that a new XYZ package is
-available and updates his XYZ-3.6 to XYZ-3.7
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Now on June 25, someone using testing or unstable discovers an RC bug in
-XYZ-3.7 and files it in the BTS.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-The maintainer of XYZ fixes this bug and uploads it to unstable say on June 30.
-Here it is assumed that it takes 5 days for the maintainer to fix the bug and
-upload the new version. The number 5 should not be taken literally. It could
-be less or more, depending upon the severity of the RC-bug at hand.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-This new version in unstable, XYZ-3.8 is scheduled to enter testing on July
-10th.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-But on July 5th some other person, discovers another RC-bug in XYZ-3.8
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Let's say the maintainer of XYZ fixes this new RC-bug and uploads new version
-of XYZ after 5 days.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-So on July 10, testing has XYZ-3.7 while unstable has XYZ-3.9
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-This new version XYZ-3.9 is now rescheduled to enter testing on July 20th.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Now since you are running testing, and since XYZ-3.7 is buggy, you could
-probably use XYZ only after July 20th. That is you essentially ended up with a
-broken XYZ for about one month.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-The situation can get much more complicated, if say, XYZ depends on 4 other
-packages. This could in turn lead to unusable testing distribution for months.
-The above scenario which is artificially created by me, can occur in the real
-life. But such occurrences are rare.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.8"></a>3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?</h3>
-
-<p>
-One of the main reasons many people chose Debian over other Linux distributions
-is that it requires very little administration. People want a system that just
-works. In general one can say that, stable requires very little maintenance
-while testing and unstable require constant maintenance from the administrator.
-If you are running stable, all you need to worry about is, keeping track of
-security updates. If you are running either testing or unstable it is a good
-idea to be aware of the new bugs discovered in the installed packages, new
-bugfixes/features introduced etc.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.9"></a>3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?</h3>
-
-<p>
-This question will not help you in choosing a Debian distribution. But sooner
-or later you will face this question.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The stable distribution is currently etch; The next stable distribution will be
-called as lenny. Let's consider the particular case as to what happens when
-lenny is released as the new stable version.
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-oldstable = sarge; stable = etch; testing = lenny; unstable = sid
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Unstable is always referred to as sid irrespective of whether a release is made
-or not.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-packages constantly migrate from sid to testing (i.e. lenny). But packages in
-stable (i.e. etch) remain the same except for security updates.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-after sometime testing becomes frozen. But it will still be called testing.
-At this point no new packages from unstable can migrate to testing unless they
-include release-critical (RC) bug fixes.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-When testing is frozen, all the new bugfixes introduced, have to be manualy
-checked by the members of the release team. This is done to ensure that there
-wont be any unknown severe problems in the frozen testing.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-RC bugs in 'frozen testing' are reduced to zero.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-The 'frozen testing' with no rc-bugs will be released as the new stable
-version. In our example, this new stable release will be called as lenny.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-At this stage oldstable = etch, stable = lenny. The contents of stable and
-'frozen testing' are same at this point.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-A new testing is forked from the current stable.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Packages start coming down from sid to testing and the Debian community will be
-working towards making the next stable release.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.10"></a>3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?</h3>
-
-<p>
-In most situations it is very easy to figure this out. Take a look at the
-<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file. There will be an entry similar to
-this:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-The third field ('unstable' in the above example) indicates the Debian
-distribution the system is currently tracking.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You can also use <code>lsb_release</code> (available in the
-<code>lsb-release</code> package). If you run this program in an unstable
-system you will get:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- $ lsb_release -a
- LSB Version: core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-noarch:core-2.0-ia32:core-3.0-ia32:core-3.1-ia32
- Distributor ID: Debian
- Description: Debian GNU/Linux unstable (sid)
- Release: unstable
- Codename: sid
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-However, this is always not that easy. Some systems might have
-<code>sources.list</code> files with multiple entries corresponding to
-different distributions. This could happen if the administrator is tracking
-different packages from different Debian distributions. This is frequently
-referred to as apt-pinning. These systems might run a mixture of
-distributions.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.11"></a>3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?</h3>
-
-<p>
-If you are currently running stable, then in the
-<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file the third field will be either etch or
-stable. You need to change this to the distribution you want to run. If you
-want to run testing, then change the third field of
-<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> to testing. If you want to run unstable,
-then change the third field to unstable.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Currently testing is called lenny. So, if you change the third field of
-<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> to lenny, then also you will be running
-testing. But when lenny becomes stable, you will still be tracking lenny.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Unstable is always called Sid. So if you change the third field of
-<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> to sid, then you will be tracking unstable.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Currently Debian offers security updates for testing but not for unstable, as
-fixes in unstable are directly made to the main archive. So if you are running
-unstable make sure that you remove the lines relating to security updates in
-<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If there is a release notes document available for the distribution you are
-upgrading to (even though it has not yet been released) it would be wise to
-review it, as it might provide information on how you should upgrade to it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Nevertheless, once you make the above changes, you can run <code>aptitude
-update</code> and then install the packages that you want. Notice that
-installing a package from a different distribution might automatically upgrade
-half of your system. If you install individual packages you will end up with a
-system running mixed distributions.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It might be best in some situations to just fully upgrade to the new
-distribution running <code>apt-get dist-upgrade</code>, <code>aptitude
-safe-upgrade</code> or <code>aptitude full-upgrade</code>. Read apt's and
-aptitude's manual pages for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.12"></a>3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?</h3>
-
-<p>
-It depends on the entries in the <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file. If
-you are currently tracking testing, these entries are similar to either:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-or
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-If the third field in <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> is 'testing' then you
-will be tracking testing even after a release is made. So after lenny is
-released, you will be running a new Debian distribution which will have a
-different codename. Changes might not be apparent at first but will be evident
-as soon as new packages from unstable go over to the testing distribution.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But if the third field contains 'lenny' then you will be tracking stable (since
-lenny will then be the new stable distribution).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.1.13"></a>3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?</h3>
-
-<p>
-If unsure, the best bet would be stable distribution.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s3.2"></a>3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?</h2>
-
-<p>
-They are not Debian; they are <em>Debian based</em>. Though there are many
-similarities and commonalities between them, there are also crucial
-differences.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-All these distributions have their own merits and are suited to some specific
-set of users. For more information, read the information of <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/misc/children-distros">software distributions based
-on Debian</a></code> available at the Debian website.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.2.1"></a>3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?</h3>
-
-<p>
-These distributions are Debian based. But they are not Debian. You will be
-still able to use apt package tools by pointing the
-<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file to these distributions' repositories.
-But then you are not running Debian, you are running a different distribution.
-They are not the same.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In most situations if you stick with one distribution you should use that and
-not mix packages from other distributions. Many common breakages arise due to
-people running a distribution and trying to install Debian packages from other
-distributions. The fact that they use the same formatting and name (.deb) does
-not make them inmediately compatible.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, Knoppix is a Linux distribution designed to be booted as a live CD
-where as Debian is designed to be installed on hard-disk. Knoppix is great if
-you want to know whether a particular hardware works, or if you want to
-experience how a linux system 'feels' etc., Knoppix is good for demonstration
-purposes while Debian is designed to run 24/7. Moreover the number of packages
-available, the number of architectures supported by Debian are far more greater
-than that of Knoppix.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you want Debian, it is best to install Debian from the get-go. Although it
-is possible to install Debian through other distributions, such as Knoppix, the
-procedure calls for expertise. If you are reading this FAQ, I would assume
-that you are new to both Debian and Knoppix. In that case, save yourself a lot
-of trouble later and install Debian right at the beginning.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.2.2"></a>3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?</h3>
-
-<p>
-You are advised not to use the Debian forums (either mailing lists or IRC) for
-help as people might advise you thinking that you are running a Debian system
-and the "fixes" they provide might not be suited to what you are
-running. They might even worsen the problem you are facing.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Use the forums of the specific distribution you are using first. If you do not
-get help or the help you get does not fix your problem you might want to try
-asking in Debian forums, but keep the advise of the previous paragraph in mind.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s3.2.3"></a>3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Consider the change from a Debian-based distribution to Debian just like a
-change from one operating system to another one. You should make a backup of
-all your date and reinstall the operating system from scratch. You should not
-attempt to "upgrade" to Debian using the package management tools as
-you might end up with an unusable system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If all your user data (i.e. your <code>/home</code>) is under a separate
-partition migrating to Debian is actually quite simple, you just have to tell
-the installation system to mount (but not reformat) that partition when
-reinstalling. Making backups of your data, as well as your previous system's
-configuration (i.e. <code>/etc/</code> and, maybe, <code>/var/</code>) is
-still encouraged.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
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-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
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-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Compatibility issues</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-compat"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ 4 ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 4 - Compatibility issues
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-arches"></a>4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux includes complete source-code for all of the included
-programs, so it should work on all systems which are supported by the Linux
-kernel; see the <code><a
-href="http://en.tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/intro.html#DOES-LINUX-RUN-ON-MY-COMPUTER">Linux
-FAQ</a></code> for details.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The current Debian GNU/Linux release, 4.0, contains a complete, binary
-distribution for the following architectures:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>i386</em>: this covers systems based on Intel and compatible processors,
-including Intel's 386, 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II (both Klamath and
-Celeron), and Pentium III, and most compatible processors by AMD, Cyrix and
-others.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>amd64</em>: this covers systems based on AMD 64bit CPUs with AMD64
-extension and all Intel CPUs with EM64T extension, and a common 64bit
-userspace.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>alpha</em>: Compaq/Digital's Alpha systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>sparc</em>: this covers Sun's SPARC and most UltraSPARC systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>powerpc</em>: this covers some IBM/Motorola PowerPC machines, including
-CHRP, PowerMac and PReP machines.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>arm</em>: ARM and StrongARM machines.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>mips</em>: SGI's big-endian MIPS systems, Indy and Indigo2;
-<em>mipsel</em>: little-endian MIPS machines, Digital DECstations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>hppa</em>: Hewlett-Packard's PA-RISC machines (712, C3000, L2000, A500).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>ia64</em>: Intel IA-64 ("Itanium") computers.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>s390</em>: IBM S/390 mainframe systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The development of binary distributions of Debian for Sparc64 (UltraSPARC
-native) architectures is currently underway.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Support for the <em>m68k</em> architecture was dropped in this release, because
-it did not meet the criteria set by the Debian Release Managers. This
-architecture covers Amigas and ATARIs having a Motorola 680x0 processor for
-x>=2; with MMU. However, the port is still active and available for
-installation even if not a part of this official stable release and might be
-reactivated for future releases.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more information on the available ports see the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/ports/">ports pages at the website</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For further information on booting, partitioning your drive, enabling PCMCIA
-(PC Card) devices and similar issues please follow the instructions given in
-the Installation Manual, which is available from our WWW site at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-otherdistribs"></a>4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian developers communicate with other Linux distribution creators in an
-effort to maintain binary compatibility across Linux distributions. Most
-commercial Linux products run as well under Debian as they do on the system
-upon which they were built.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux adheres to the <code><a
-href="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/">Linux Filesystem Hierarchy
-Standard</a></code>. However, there is room for interpretation in some of the
-rules within this standard, so there may be slight differences between a Debian
-system and other Linux systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux supports software developed for the <code><a
-href="http://www.linuxbase.org/">Linux Standard Base</a></code>. The LSB is a
-specification for allowing the same binary package to be used on multiple
-distributions. The Debian Etch release is Certified for LSB Release 3.1, see
-the <code><a
-href="https://www.linux-foundation.org/lsb-cert/productdir.php">Linux
-Foundation Certification webpage</a></code>. Discussion and coordination of
-efforts towards ensuring Debian meets the requirements of the Linux Standard
-Base is taking place on the <code><a
-href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-lsb/">debian-lsb mailing list</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-otherunices"></a>4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?</h2>
-
-<p>
-For most applications Linux source code is compatible with other Unix systems.
-It supports almost everything that is available in System V Unix systems and
-the free and commercial BSD-derived systems. However in the Unix business such
-claim has nearly no value because there is no way to prove it. In the software
-development area complete compatibility is required instead of compatibility in
-"about most" cases. So years ago the need for standards arose, and
-nowadays POSIX.1 (IEEE Standard 1003.1-1990) is one of the major standards for
-source code compatibility in Unix-like operating systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Linux is intended to adhere to POSIX.1, but the POSIX standards cost real money
-and the POSIX.1 (and FIPS 151-2) certification is quite expensive; this made it
-more difficult for the Linux developers to work on complete POSIX conformance.
-The certification costs make it unlikely that Debian will get an official
-conformance certification even if it completely passed the validation suite.
-(The validation suite is now freely available, so it is expected that more
-people will work on POSIX.1 issues.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Unifix GmbH (Braunschweig, Germany) developed a Linux system that has been
-certified to conform to FIPS 151-2 (a superset of POSIX.1). This technology
-was available in Unifix' own distribution called Unifix Linux 2.0 and in
-Lasermoon's Linux-FT.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-otherpackages"></a>4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Different Linux distributions use different package formats and different
-package management programs.
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>You probably can:</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-A program to unpack a Debian package onto a Linux host that is been built from
-a `foreign' distribution is available, and will generally work, in the sense
-that files will be unpacked. The converse is probably also true, that is, a
-program to unpack a Red Hat or Slackware package on a host that is based on
-Debian GNU/Linux will probably succeed in unpacking the package and placing
-most files in their intended directories. This is largely a consequence of the
-existence (and broad adherence to) the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.
-The <code><a href="http://packages.debian.org/alien">Alien</a></code> package
-is used to convert between different package formats.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>You probably do not want to:</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-Most package managers write administrative files when they are used to unpack
-an archive. These administrative files are generally not standardized.
-Therefore, the effect of unpacking a Debian package on a `foreign' host will
-have unpredictable (certainly not useful) effects on the package manager on
-that system. Likewise, utilities from other distributions might succeed in
-unpacking their archives on Debian systems, but will probably cause the Debian
-package management system to fail when the time comes to upgrade or remove some
-packages, or even simply to report exactly what packages are present on a
-system.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>A better way:</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-The Linux File System Standard (and therefore Debian GNU/Linux) requires that
-subdirectories under <samp>/usr/local/</samp> be entirely under the user's
-discretion. Therefore, users can unpack `foreign' packages into this
-directory, and then manage their configuration, upgrade and removal
-individually.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-non-debian-programs"></a>4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Files under the directory <samp>/usr/local/</samp> are not under the control of
-the Debian package management system. Therefore, it is good practice to place
-the source code for your program in /usr/local/src/. For example, you might
-extract the files for a package named "foo.tar" into the directory
-<samp>/usr/local/src/foo</samp>. After you compile them, place the binaries in
-<samp>/usr/local/bin/</samp>, the libraries in <samp>/usr/local/lib/</samp>,
-and the configuration files in <samp>/usr/local/etc/</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If your programs and/or files really must be placed in some other directory,
-you could still store them in <samp>/usr/local/</samp>, and build the
-appropriate symbolic links from the required location to its location in
-<samp>/usr/local/</samp>, e.g., you could make the link
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- ln -s /usr/local/bin/foo /usr/bin/foo
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-In any case, if you obtain a package whose copyright allows redistribution, you
-should consider making a Debian package of it, and uploading it for the Debian
-system. Guidelines for becoming a package developer are included in the Debian
-Policy manual (see <a href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other
-documentation exists on and for a Debian system?, Section 12.1</a>).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-termcap"></a>4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian uses the <samp>terminfo</samp> database and the <samp>ncurses</samp>
-library of terminal interface routes, rather than the <samp>termcap</samp>
-database and the <samp>termcap</samp> library. Users who are compiling
-programs that require some knowledge of the terminal interface should replace
-references to <samp>libtermcap</samp> with references to
-<samp>libncurses</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To support binaries that have already been linked with the <samp>termcap</samp>
-library, and for which you do not have the source, Debian provides a package
-called <code>termcap-compat</code>. This provides both
-<samp>libtermcap.so.2</samp> and <samp>/etc/termcap</samp>. Install this
-package if the program fails to run with the error message "can't load
-library 'libtermcap.so.2'", or complains about a missing
-<samp>/etc/termcap</samp> file.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-accelx"></a>4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?</h2>
-
-<p>
-AccelX uses the <samp>termcap</samp> library for installation. See <a
-href="#s-termcap">Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?,
-Section 4.6</a> above.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-motifnls"></a>4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?</h2>
-
-<p>
-You need to install the <code>motifnls</code> package, which provides the
-XFree-2.1 configuration files needed to allow Motif applications compiled under
-XFree-2.1 to run under XFree-3.1.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Without these files, some Motif applications compiled on other machines (such
-as Netscape) may crash when attempting to copy or paste from or to a text
-field, and may also exhibit other problems.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ 4 ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Contributing to the Debian Project</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-contributing"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ 13 ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 13 - Contributing to the Debian Project
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/donations">Donations</a></code> of time
-(to develop new packages, maintain existing packages, or provide user support),
-resources (to mirror the FTP and WWW archives), and money (to pay for new
-testbeds as well as hardware for the archives) can help the project.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-contrib"></a>13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The development of Debian is open to all, and new users with the right skills
-and/or the willingness to learn are needed to maintain existing packages which
-have been "orphaned" by their previous maintainers, to develop new
-packages, and to provide user support.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The description of becoming a Debian developer can be found at the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/devel/join/newmaint">New Maintainer's
-Corner</a></code> at the Debian web site.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-contribresources"></a>13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Since the project aims to make a substantial body of software rapidly and
-easily accessible throughout the globe, mirrors are urgently needed. It is
-desirable but not absolutely necessary to mirror all of the archive. Please
-visit the <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/size">Debian mirror
-size</a></code> page for information on the disk space requirements.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Most of the mirroring is accomplished entirely automatically by scripts,
-without any interaction. However, the occasional glitch or system change
-occurs which requires human intervention.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you have a high-speed connection to the Internet, the resources to mirror
-all or part of the distribution, and are willing to take the time (or find
-someone) who can provide regular maintenance of the system, then please contact
-<code><a
-href="mailto:debian-admin at lists.debian.org">debian-admin at lists.debian.org</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-supportingorganizations"></a>13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?</h2>
-
-<p>
-One can make individual donations to one of two organizations that are critical
-to the development of the Debian project.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-SPI"></a>13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest</h3>
-
-<p>
-Software in the Public Interest (SPI) is an IRS 501(c)(3) non-profit
-organization, formed when FSF withdrew their sponsorship of Debian. The
-purpose of the organization is to develop and distribute free software.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Our goals are very much like those of FSF, and we encourage programmers to use
-the GNU General Public License on their programs. However, we have a slightly
-different focus in that we are building and distributing a Linux system that
-diverges in many technical details from the GNU system as originally planned by
-FSF. We still communicate with FSF, and we cooperate in sending them changes
-to GNU software and in asking our users to donate to FSF and the GNU project.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-SPI can be reached at: <code><a
-href="http://www.spi-inc.org/">http://www.spi-inc.org/</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-FSF"></a>13.3.2 Free Software Foundation</h3>
-
-<p>
-At this time there is no formal connection between Debian and the Free Software
-Foundation. However, the Free Software Foundation is responsible for some of
-the most important software components in Debian, including the GNU C compiler,
-GNU Emacs, and much of the C run-time library that is used by all programs on
-the system. FSF pioneered much of what free software is today: they wrote the
-General Public License that is used on much of the Debian software, and they
-invented the "GNU" project to create an entirely free Unix system.
-Debian should be considered a descendent of the GNU system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-FSF can be reached at: <code><a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/">http://www.fsf.org/</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ 13 ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-customizing"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ 11 ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 11 - Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-papersize"></a>11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Install the <code>libpaper1</code> package, and it will ask you for a
-system-wide default paper size. This setting will be kept in the file
-<samp>/etc/papersize</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Users can override the paper size setting using the <samp>PAPERSIZE</samp>
-environment variable. For details, see the manual page
-<code>papersize(5)</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-hardwareaccess"></a>11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Many device files in the <samp>/dev</samp> directory belong to some predefined
-groups. For example, <samp>/dev/fd0</samp> belongs to the <samp>floppy</samp>
-group, and <samp>/dev/dsp</samp> belongs to the <samp>audio</samp> group.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you want a certain user to have access to one of these devices, just add the
-user to the group the device belongs to, i.e. do:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- adduser user group
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-This way you won't have to change the file permissions on the device.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you do this from within a user's shell or a GUI environment you have to
-logout and login again to become an effective member of that group. To check
-which groups you belong to run <samp>groups</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Notice that, since the introduction of <samp>udev</samp> if you change the
-permissions of a hardware peripheral they might be be adjusted for some devices
-when the system starts, if this happens to the hardware peripherals you are
-instered in you will have to adjust the rules at <samp>/etc/udev</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-consolefont"></a>11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The <code>kbd</code> and <code>console-tools</code> packages support this, edit
-<samp>/etc/kbd/config</samp> or <samp>/etc/console-tools/config</samp> files.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-appdefaults"></a>11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian's X programs will install their application resource data in the
-<samp>/etc/X11/app-defaults/</samp> directory. If you want to customize X
-applications globally, put your customizations in those files. They are marked
-as configuration files, so their contents will be preserved during upgrades.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-booting"></a>11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.</h2>
-
-<p>
-Like all Unices, Debian boots up by executing the program <samp>init</samp>.
-The configuration file for <samp>init</samp> (which is
-<samp>/etc/inittab</samp>) specifies that the first script to be executed
-should be <samp>/etc/init.d/rcS</samp>. This script runs all of the scripts in
-<samp>/etc/rcS.d/</samp> by sourcing or forking subprocess depending on their
-file extension to perform initialization such as to check and to mount file
-systems, to load modules, to start the network services, to set the clock, and
-to perform other initialization. Then, for compatibility, it runs the files
-(except those with a `.'in the filename) in <samp>/etc/rc.boot/</samp> too.
-Any scripts in the latter directory are usually reserved for system
-administrator use, and using them in packages is deprecated.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-After completing the boot process, <samp>init</samp> executes all start scripts
-in a directory specified by the default runlevel (this runlevel is given by the
-entry for <samp>id</samp> in <samp>/etc/inittab</samp>). Like most System V
-compatible Unices, Linux has 7 runlevels:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-0 (halt the system),
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-1 (single-user mode),
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-2 through 5 (various multi-user modes), and
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-6 (reboot the system).
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Debian systems come with id=2, which indicates that the default runlevel will
-be '2' when the multi-user state is entered, and the scripts in
-<samp>/etc/rc2.d/</samp> will be run.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In fact, the scripts in any of the directories, <samp>/etc/rcN.d/</samp> are
-just symbolic links back to scripts in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp>. However, the
-<em>names</em> of the files in each of the <samp>/etc/rcN.d/</samp> directories
-are selected to indicate the <em>way</em> the scripts in
-<samp>/etc/init.d/</samp> will be run. Specifically, before entering any
-runlevel, all the scripts beginning with 'K' are run; these scripts kill
-services. Then all the scripts beginning with 'S' are run; these scripts start
-services. The two-digit number following the 'K' or 'S' indicates the order in
-which the script is run. Lower numbered scripts are executed first.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This approach works because the scripts in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp> all take
-an argument which can be either `start', `stop', `reload', `restart' or
-`force-reload' and will then do the task indicated by the argument. These
-scripts can be used even after a system has been booted, to control various
-processes.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, with the argument `reload' the command
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- /etc/init.d/sendmail reload
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-sends the sendmail daemon a signal to reread its configuration file. (BTW,
-Debian supplies <code>invoke-rc.d</code> as a wrapper for invoking the scripts
-in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp>.)
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-custombootscripts"></a>11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Suppose a system needs to execute script <samp>foo</samp> on start-up, or on
-entry to a particular (System V) runlevel. Then the system administrator
-should:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Enter the script <samp>foo</samp> into the directory <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Run the Debian command <samp>update-rc.d</samp> with appropriate arguments, to
-specify which runlevels should start the service, and which runlevels should
-stop the service.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Consider rebooting the system to check that the service starts correctly
-(assuming that you've asked for it to be started in the default runlevel).
-Otherwise, manually start it by running `<samp>/etc/init.d/foo start</samp>'.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-One might, for example, cause the script <samp>foo</samp> to execute at
-boot-up, by putting it in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp> and running
-<samp>update-rc.d foo defaults 19</samp>. The argument `<samp>defaults</samp>'
-refers to the default runlevels, which means (at least in absence of any LSB
-comment block to the contrary) to start the service in runlevels 2 through 5,
-and to stop the service in runlevels 0, 1 and 6. (Any LSB Default-Start and
-Default-Stop directives in <samp>foo</samp> take precedence when using the
-sysv-rc version of update-rc.d, but are ignored by the current (v0.8.10)
-file-rc version of update-rc.d.) The argument `<samp>19</samp>' ensures that
-<samp>foo</samp> is called after all scripts whose number is less than 19 have
-completed, and before all scripts whose number is 20 or greater.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-interconffiles"></a>11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Some users wish to create, for example, a new server by installing a group of
-Debian packages and a locally generated package consisting of configuration
-files. This is not generally a good idea, because <code>dpkg</code> will not
-know about those configuration files if they are in a different package, and
-may write conflicting configurations when one of the initial "group"
-of packages is upgraded.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Instead, create a local package that modifies the configuration files of the
-"group" of Debian packages of interest. Then <code>dpkg</code> and
-the rest of the package management system will see that the files have been
-modified by the local "sysadmin" and will not try to overwrite them
-when those packages are upgraded.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-divert"></a>11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Suppose a sysadmin or local user wishes to use a program
-"login-local" rather than the program "login" provided by
-the Debian <code>login</code> package.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Do <strong>not</strong>:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Overwrite <samp>/bin/login</samp> with <samp>login-local</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-The package management system will not know about this change, and will simply
-overwrite your custom <samp>/bin/login</samp> whenever <samp>login</samp> (or
-any package that provides <samp>/bin/login</samp>) is installed or updated.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Rather, do
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Execute:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg-divert --divert /bin/login.debian /bin/login
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-in order to cause all future installations of the Debian <code>login</code>
-package to write the file <samp>/bin/login</samp> to
-<samp>/bin/login.debian</samp> instead.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Then execute:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- cp login-local /bin/login
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-to move your own locally-built program into place.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Run <samp>dpkg-divert --list</samp> to see which diversions are currently
-active on your system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Details are given in the manual page <code>dpkg-divert(8)</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-localpackages"></a>11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Execute the command:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg-scanpackages BIN_DIR OVERRIDE_FILE [PATHPREFIX] > my_Packages
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-where:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-BIN-DIR is a directory where Debian archive files (which usually have an
-extension of ".deb") are stored.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-OVERRIDE_FILE is a file that is edited by the distribution maintainers and is
-usually stored on a Debian FTP archive at <samp>indices/override.main.gz</samp>
-for the Debian packages in the "main" distribution. You can ignore
-this for local packages.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-PATHPREFIX is an <em>optional</em> string that can be prepended to the
-<samp>my_Packages</samp> file being produced.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Once you have built the file <samp>my_Packages</samp>, tell the package
-management system about it by using the command:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --merge-avail my_Packages
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-If you are using APT, you can add the local repository to your
-<code>sources.list(5)</code> file, too.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-diverse"></a>11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?</h2>
-
-<p>
-There are several cases where two packages provide two different versions of a
-program, both of which provide the same core functionality. Users might prefer
-one over another out of habit, or because the user interface of one package is
-somehow more pleasing than the interface of another. Other users on the same
-system might make a different choice.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian uses a "virtual" package system to allow system administrators
-to choose (or let users choose) their favorite tools when there are two or more
-that provide the same basic functionality, yet satisfy package dependency
-requirements without specifying a particular package.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, there might exist two different versions of newsreaders on a
-system. The news server package might 'recommend' that there exist
-<em>some</em> news reader on the system, but the choice of <samp>tin</samp> or
-<samp>trn</samp> is left up to the individual user. This is satisfied by
-having both the <code>tin</code> and <code>trn</code> packages provide the
-virtual package <code>news-reader</code>. <em>Which</em> program is invoked is
-determined by a link pointing from a file with the virtual package name
-<samp>/etc/alternatives/news-reader</samp> to the selected file, e.g.,
-<samp>/usr/bin/trn</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A single link is insufficient to support full use of an alternate program;
-normally, manual pages, and possibly other supporting files must be selected as
-well. The Perl script <samp>update-alternatives</samp> provides a way of
-ensuring that all the files associated with a specified package are selected as
-a system default.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, to check what executables provide `x-window-manager', run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- update-alternatives --display x-window-manager
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-If you want to change it, run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- update-alternatives --config x-window-manager
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-And follow the instructions on the screen (basically, press the number next to
-the entry you'd like better).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If a package doesn't register itself as a window manager for some reason (file
-a bug if it's in error), or if you use a window manager from /usr/local
-directory, the selections on screen won't contain your preferred entry. You
-can update the link through command line options, like this:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-window-manager \
- x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs 50
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-The first argument to `--install' option is the symlink that points to
-/etc/alternatives/NAME, where NAME is the second argument. The third argument
-is the program to which /etc/alternatives/NAME should point to, and the fourth
-argument is the priority (larger value means the alternative will more probably
-get picked automatically).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To remove an alternative you added, simply run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- update-alternatives --remove x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs
-</pre>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ 11 ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - General information about the FAQ</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-faqinfo"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ 16 ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 16 - General information about the FAQ
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-authors"></a>16.1 Authors</h2>
-
-<p>
-The first edition of this FAQ was made and maintained by J.H.M. Dassen (Ray)
-and Chuck Stickelman. Authors of the rewritten Debian GNU/Linux FAQ are Susan
-G. Kleinmann and Sven Rudolph. After them, the FAQ was maintained by Santiago
-Vila and, later, by Josip Rodin. The current maintainer is Javier
-Fernandez-Sanguino.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Parts of the information came from:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-The Debian-1.1 release announcement, by <code><a
-href="http://www.perens.com/">Bruce Perens</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-The Linux FAQ, by <code><a
-href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~ijackson/">Ian Jackson</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code><a href="http://lists.debian.org/">Debian Mailing Lists
-Archives</a></code>,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-the dpkg programmers' manual and the Debian Policy manual (see <a
-href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other documentation exists on and
-for a Debian system?, Section 12.1</a>)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-many developers, volunteers, and beta testers, and
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-the flaky memories of its authors. :-)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Kamaraju Kusumanchi's <code><a
-href="http://people.cornell.edu/pages/kk288/debian_choosing_distribution.html">Choosing
-a Debian distribution FAQ</a></code>, who graciously made it GPL so I could
-include it as a new chapter (see <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">Choosing a
-Debian distribution, Chapter 3</a>)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-The authors would like to thank all those who helped make this document
-possible.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-All warranties are disclaimed. All trademarks are property of their respective
-trademark owners.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-feedback"></a>16.2 Feedback</h2>
-
-<p>
-Comments and additions to this document are always welcome. Please send e-mail
-to <code><a
-href="mailto:doc-debian at packages.debian.org">doc-debian at packages.debian.org</a></code>,
-or submit a wishlist bug report against the <code><code><a
-href="http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq">debian-faq</a></code></code> package.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-latest"></a>16.3 Availability</h2>
-
-<p>
-The latest version of this document can be viewed on the Debian WWW pages at
-<code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/">http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is also available for download in plain text, HTML, PostScript and PDF
-formats at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#faq">http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#faq</a></code>.
-Also, there are several translations there.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This document is available in the <code>debian-faq</code> package.
-Translations are available in <code>debian-faq-de</code>,
-<code>debian-faq-fr</code> and other packages.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The original SGML files used to create this document are also available in
-<code>debian-faq</code>'s source package, or in SVN at:
-<samp>svn://svn.debian.org/svn/ddp/manuals/trunk/debian-faq</samp> and <code><a
-href="http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/ddp/manuals/trunk/debian-faq/">http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/ddp/manuals/trunk/debian-faq/</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-docformat"></a>16.4 Document format</h2>
-
-<p>
-This document was written using the DebianDoc SGML DTD (rewritten from LinuxDoc
-SGML). DebianDoc SGML systems enables us to create files in a variety of
-formats from one source, e.g. this document can be viewed as HTML, plain text,
-TeX DVI, PostScript, PDF, or GNU info.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Conversion utilities for DebianDoc SGML are available in Debian package
-<code>debiandoc-sgml</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ 16 ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - The Debian FTP archives</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
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-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
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-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ 6 ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">next</a> ]
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-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 6 - The Debian FTP archives
-</h1>
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-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-dists"></a>6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?</h2>
-
-<p>
-There are three major distributions: the "stable" distribution, the
-"testing" distribution, and the "unstable" distribution.
-The "testing" distribution is sometimes `frozen' (see <a
-href="#s-frozen">What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?, Section
-6.5.1</a>). Next to these, there is the "oldstable" distribution
-(that's just the one from before "stable"), and the
-"experimental" distribution.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Experimental is used for packages which are still being developed, and with a
-high risk of breaking your system. It's used by developers who'd like to study
-and test bleeding edge software. Users shouldn't be using packages from here,
-because they can be dangerous and harmful even for the most experienced people.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-See <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">Choosing a Debian distribution, Chapter 3</a>
-for help when choosing a Debian distribution.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-codenames"></a>6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?</h2>
-
-<p>
-They are just "codenames". When a Debian distribution is in the
-development stage, it has no version number but a codename. The purpose of
-these codenames is to make easier the mirroring of the Debian distributions (if
-a real directory like <samp>unstable</samp> suddenly changed its name to
-<samp>stable</samp>, a lot of stuff would have to be needlessly downloaded
-again).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Currently, <samp>stable</samp> is a symbolic link to <samp>etch</samp> (i.e.
-Debian GNU/Linux 4.0) and <samp>testing</samp> is a symbolic link to
-<samp>lenny</samp>. This means that <samp>etch</samp> is the current stable
-distribution and <samp>lenny</samp> is the current testing distribution.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<samp>unstable</samp> is a permanent symbolic link to <samp>sid</samp>, as
-<samp>sid</samp> is always the unstable distribution (see <a href="#s-sid">What
-about "sid"?, Section 6.3</a>).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-oldcodenames"></a>6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Other codenames that have been already used are: <samp>buzz</samp> for release
-1.1, <samp>rex</samp> for release 1.2, <samp>bo</samp> for releases 1.3.x,
-<samp>hamm</samp> for release 2.0, <samp>slink</samp> for release 2.1,
-<samp>potato</samp> for release 2.2, <samp>woody</samp> for release 3.0,
-<samp>sarge</samp> for release 3.1, and <samp>etch</samp> for release 4.0.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-sourceforcodenames"></a>6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?</h3>
-
-<p>
-So far they have been characters taken from the movie "Toy Story" by
-Pixar.
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>buzz</em> (Buzz Lightyear) was the spaceman,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>rex</em> was the tyrannosaurus,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>bo</em> (Bo Peep) was the girl who took care of the sheep,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>hamm</em> was the piggy bank,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>slink</em> (Slinky Dog (R)) was the toy dog,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>potato</em> was, of course, Mr. Potato (R),
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>woody</em> was the cowboy,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>sarge</em> was the sergeant of the Green Plastic Army Men,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>etch</em> was the toy blackboard (Etch-a-Sketch (R)),
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>lenny</em> was the binoculars.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>sid</em> was the boy next door who destroyed toys.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-sid"></a>6.3 What about "sid"?</h2>
-
-<p>
-<em>sid</em> or <em>unstable</em> is the place where most of the packages are
-initially uploaded. It will never be released directly, because packages which
-are to be released will first have to be included in <em>testing</em>, in order
-to be released in <em>stable</em> later on. sid contains packages for both
-released and unreleased architectures.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The name "sid" also comes from the "Toy Story" animated
-motion picture: Sid was the boy next door who destroyed toys :-)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-[<a href="footnotes.en.html#f2" name="fr2">2</a>]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-stable"></a>6.4 What does the stable directory contain?</h2>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-stable/main/: This directory contains the packages which formally constitute
-the most recent release of the Debian GNU/Linux system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-These packages all comply with the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines">Debian Free Software
-Guidelines</a></code>, and are all freely usable and distributable.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-stable/non-free/: This directory contains packages distribution of which is
-restricted in a way that requires that distributors take careful account of the
-specified copyright requirements.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, some packages have licenses which prohibit commercial
-distribution. Others can be redistributed but are in fact shareware and not
-free software. The licenses of each of these packages must be studied, and
-possibly negotiated, before the packages are included in any redistribution
-(e.g., in a CD-ROM).
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-stable/contrib/: This directory contains packages which are DFSG-free and
-<em>freely distributable</em> themselves, but somehow depend on a package that
-is <em>not</em> freely distributable and thus available only in the non-free
-section.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-testing"></a>6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Packages are installed into the `testing' directory after they have undergone
-some degree of testing in <a href="#s-unstable">unstable</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-They must be in sync on all architectures where they have been built and
-mustn't have dependencies that make them uninstallable; they also have to have
-fewer release-critical bugs than the versions currently in testing. This way,
-we hope that `testing' is always close to being a release candidate.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-More information about the status of "testing" in general and the
-individual packages is available at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/devel/testing">http://www.debian.org/devel/testing</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-frozen"></a>6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?</h3>
-
-<p>
-When the "testing" distribution is mature enough, the release manager
-starts `freezing' it. The normal propagation delays are increased to ensure
-that as little as possible new bugs from "unstable" enter
-"testing".
-</p>
-
-<p>
-After a while, the "testing" distribution becomes truly `frozen'.
-This means that all new packages that are to propagate to the
-"testing" are held back, unless they include release-critical bug
-fixes. The "testing" distribution can also remain in such a deep
-freeze during the so-called `test cycles', when the release is imminent.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We keep a record of bugs in the "testing" distribution that can hold
-off a package from being released, or bugs that can hold back the whole
-release. For details, please see <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/testing/">current testing release
-information</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Once that bug count lowers to maximum acceptable values, the frozen
-"testing" distribution is declared "stable" and released
-with a version number.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-With each new release, the previous "stable" distribution becomes
-obsolete and moves to the archive. For more information please see <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/distrib/archive">Debian archive</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-unstable"></a>6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The `unstable' directory contains a snapshot of the current development system.
-Users are welcome to use and test these packages, but are warned about their
-state of readiness. The advantage of using the unstable distribution is that
-you are always up-to-date with the latest in GNU/Linux software industry, but
-if it breaks: you get to keep both parts :-)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are also main, contrib and non-free subdirectories in `unstable',
-separated on the same criteria as in `stable'.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-dirtree"></a>6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The software that has been packaged for Debian GNU/Linux is available in one of
-several directory trees on each Debian mirror site.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <samp>dists</samp> directory is short for "distributions", and it
-is the canonical way to access the currently available Debian releases (and
-pre-releases).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <samp>pool</samp> directory contains the actual packages, see <a
-href="#s-pools">What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?, Section 6.10</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are the following supplementary directories:
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt><em>/tools/</em>:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-DOS utilities for creating boot disks, partitioning your disk drive,
-compressing/decompressing files, and booting Linux.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><em>/doc/</em>:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-The basic Debian documentation, such as this FAQ, the bug reporting system
-instructions, etc.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><em>/indices/</em>:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-various indices of the site (the Maintainers file and the override files).
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><em>/project/</em>:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-mostly developer-only materials and some miscellaneous files.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-archsections"></a>6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Within each of the major directory trees[<a href="footnotes.en.html#f3"
-name="fr3">3</a>], there are three sets of subdirectories containing index
-files.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There's one set of <samp>binary-<var>something</var></samp> subdirectories
-which contain index files for binary packages of each available computer
-architecture, for example <samp>binary-i386</samp> for packages which execute
-on Intel x86 PC machines or <samp>binary-sparc</samp> for packages which
-execute on Sun SPARCStations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The complete list of available architectures for each release is available at
-<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/releases/">the release's web
-page</a></code>. For the current release, please see <a
-href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches">On what hardware architectures/systems does
-Debian GNU/Linux run?, Section 4.1</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The index files in binary-* are called Packages(.gz, .bz2) and they include a
-summary of each binary package that is included in that distribution. The
-actual binary packages reside in the top level <a
-href="#s-pools"><samp>pool</samp> directory</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Furthermore, there's a subdirectory called source/ which contains index files
-for source packages included in the distribution. The index file is called
-Sources(.gz, .bz2).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Last but not least, there's a set of subdirectories meant for the installation
-system index files, they are at
-<samp>debian-installer/binary-<var>architecture</var></samp>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-source"></a>6.9 Where is the source code?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Source code is included for everything in the Debian system. Moreover, the
-license terms of most programs in the system <em>require</em> that source code
-be distributed along with the programs, or that an offer to provide the source
-code accompany the programs.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The source code is distributed in the <samp>pool</samp> directory (see <a
-href="#s-pools">What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?, Section 6.10</a>)
-together with all the architecture-specific binary directories. To retrieve
-the source code without having to be familiar with the structure of the FTP
-archive, try a command like <samp>apt-get source mypackagename</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Some packages are only distributed as source code due to the restrictions in
-their licenses. Notably, one such package is <samp>pine</samp>, see <a
-href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine">Where is pine?, Section 5.10</a> for more
-information.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Source code may or may not be available for packages in the "contrib"
-and "non-free" directories, which are not formally part of the Debian
-system.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pools"></a>6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Packages are kept in a large `pool', structured according to the name of the
-source package. To make this manageable, the pool is subdivided by section
-(`main', `contrib' and `non-free') and by the first letter of the source
-package name. These directories contain several files: the binary packages for
-each architecture, and the source packages from which the binary packages were
-generated.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You can find out where each package is placed by executing a command like
-<samp>apt-cache showsrc mypackagename</samp> and looking at the `Directory:'
-line. For example, the <samp>apache</samp> packages are stored in
-<samp>pool/main/a/apache/</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Additionally, since there are so many <samp>lib*</samp> packages, these are
-treated specially: for instance, libpaper packages are stored in
-<samp>pool/main/libp/libpaper/</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-[<a href="footnotes.en.html#f4" name="fr4">4</a>]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-incoming"></a>6.11 What is "incoming"?</h2>
-
-<p>
-After a developer uploads a package, it stays for a short while in the
-"incoming" directory before it is checked that it's genuine and
-allowed into the archive.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Usually nobody should install things from this place. However, in some rare
-cases of emergency, the incoming directory is available at <code><a
-href="http://incoming.debian.org/">http://incoming.debian.org/</a></code>. You
-can manually fetch packages, check the GPG signature and MD5sums in the
-.changes and .dsc files, and then install them.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-ownrepository"></a>6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?</h2>
-
-<p>
-If you have built some private Debian packages which you'd like to install
-using the standard Debian package management tools, you can set up your own
-apt-able package archive. This is also useful if you'd like to share your
-Debian packages while these are not distributed by the Debian project.
-Instructions on how to do this are given in the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/repository-howto/repository-howto">Debian
-Repository HOWTO</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ 6 ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-getting"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
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-[ 2 ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 2 - Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The official document giving installation instructions is the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">Debian GNU/Linux
-Installation Guide</a></code>. We'll give some additional notes about getting
-and installing Debian GNU/Linux here.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-version"></a>2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Currently there are three versions of Debian GNU/Linux:
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt><em>release 4.0, a.k.a. the `stable' distribution or etch</em></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This is stable and well tested software, it changes if major security or
-usability fixes are incorporated.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><em>the `testing' distribution, currently called lenny</em></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This is where packages that will be released as the next `stable' are placed;
-they've had some testing in unstable but they may not be completely fit for
-release yet. This distribution is updated more often than `stable', but not
-more often than `unstable'.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><em>the `unstable' distribution</em></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This is the version currently under development; it is updated continuously.
-You can retrieve packages from the `unstable' archive on any Debian FTP site
-and use them to upgrade your system at any time, but you may not expect the
-system to be as usable or as stable as before - that's why it's called
-`<strong>unstable</strong>'!
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<p>
-Please see <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists">How many Debian
-distributions are there?, Section 6.1</a> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-updatestable"></a>2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?</h2>
-
-<p>
-No new functionality is added to the stable release. Once a Debian version is
-released and tagged `stable' it will only get security updates. That is, only
-packages for which a security vulnerability has been found after the release
-will be upgraded. All the security updates are served through <code><a
-href="ftp://security.debian.org">security.debian.org</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Security updates serve one purpose: to supply a fix for a security
-vulnerability. They are not a method for sneaking additional changes into the
-stable release without going through normal point release procedure.
-Consequently, fixes for packages with security issues will not upgrade the
-software. The Debian Security Team will backport the necessary fixes to the
-version of the software distributed in `stable' instead.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more information related to security support please read the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/security/faq">Security FAQ</a></code> or the
-<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/">Debian
-Security Manual</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-boot-floppies"></a>2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?</h2>
-
-<p>
-You can get the installation disks by downloading the appropriate files from
-one of the <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/list">Debian
-mirrors</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Please refer to <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/CD">Debian GNU/Linux on
-CDs</a></code> for more information about CD (and DVD) images.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-cdrom"></a>2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Installing Debian from CD is straightforward: configure your system for booting
-off a CD, insert your CD, and reboot. Your system will now be running the
-Debian Installer. See the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">Debian GNU/Linux
-Installation Guide</a></code> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-cdimage-symlinks"></a>2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!</h2>
-
-<p>
-Official Debian CD images indeed contain symlinks like:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- /dists/frozen -> etch/
- /dists/stable -> etch/
- /dists/testing -> etch/
- /dists/unstable -> etch/
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-so that they work when your sources.list has an entry like
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- deb cdrom:[<name as on cd label>]/ unstable main [...]
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The fact these symlinks are present does <em>not</em> mean the image is
-`unstable' or `testing' or anything. Read the CD label in
-<code>/.disk/info</code> to find out which Debian version it contains. This
-information is also present in <code>/README.txt</code> on the CD.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Read <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/">http://www.debian.org/releases/</a></code>
-to find out what the current `stable' and `testing' releases are.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-remoteinstall"></a>2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. You can boot the Debian installation system from a set of files you can
-download from our FTP site and its mirrors.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You can download a small CD image file, create a bootable CD from it, install
-the basic system from it and the rest over the network. For more information
-please see <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/">http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You can also download even smaller floppy disk image files, create bootable
-diskettes from them, start the installation procedure and get the rest of
-Debian over the network.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-alternativebootinstaller"></a>2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. Apart from CD or DVD, you can install Debian GNU/Linux by booting from
-floppy disks, USB memory stick, directly from hard disk, or using TFTP net
-booting. For installing on multiple computers it's possible to do fully
-automatic installations. NB: not all methods are supported by all computer
-architectures. Once the installer has booted, the rest of the system can be
-downloaded over the network, or installed from local media. See the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">Debian GNU/Linux
-Installation Guide</a></code> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ 2 ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Debian and the kernel</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-kernel"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ 10 ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 10 - Debian and the kernel
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-non-debian-kernel"></a>10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There's only one common catch: the Debian C libraries are built with the most
-recent <em>stable</em> releases of the <strong>kernel</strong> headers. If you
-happen to need to compile a program with kernel headers newer than the ones
-from the stable branch, then you should either upgrade the package containing
-the headers (<code>libc6-dev</code>), or use the new headers from an unpacked
-tree of the newer kernel. That is, if the kernel sources are in
-<code>/usr/src/linux</code>, then you should add
-<samp>-I/usr/src/linux/include/</samp> to your command line when compiling.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-customkernel"></a>10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Users who wish to (or must) build a custom kernel are encouraged to download
-the package <code>kernel-package</code>. This package contains the script to
-build the kernel package, and provides the capability to create a Debian
-<code>linux-image-<var>version</var></code> package just by running the command
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-in the top-level kernel source directory. Help is available by executing the
-command
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- make-kpkg --help
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-and through the manual page <code>make-kpkg(1)</code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Users must separately download the source code for the most recent kernel (or
-the kernel of their choice) from their favorite Linux archive site, unless a
-<code>linux-source-<var>version</var></code> package is available (where
-<var>version</var> stands for the kernel version).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Detailed instructions for using the <code>kernel-package</code> package are
-given in the file <code>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-custombootdisk"></a>10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?</h2>
-
-<p>
-This task is greatly aided by the Debian package <code>boot-floppies</code>,
-normally found in the <samp>admin</samp> section of the Debian FTP archive.
-Shell scripts in this package produce boot floppies in the
-<samp>SYSLINUX</samp> format. These are <samp>MS-DOS</samp> formatted floppies
-whose master boot records have been altered so that they boot Linux directly
-(or whatever other operating system has been defined in the
-<code>syslinux.cfg</code> file on the floppy). Other scripts in this package
-produce emergency root disks and can even reproduce the base disks.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You will find more information about this in the
-<code>/usr/share/doc/boot-floppies/README</code> file after installing the
-<code>boot-floppies</code> package.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-modules"></a>10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian's <code>modconf</code> package provides a shell script
-(<code>/usr/sbin/modconf</code>) which can be used to customize the
-configuration of modules. This script presents a menu-based interface,
-prompting the user for particulars on the loadable device drivers in his
-system. The responses are used to customize the file
-<code>/etc/modules.conf</code> (which lists aliases, and other arguments that
-must be used in conjunction with various modules) through files in
-<code>/etc/modutils/</code>, and <code>/etc/modules</code> (which lists the
-modules that must be loaded at boot time).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Like the (new) <code>Configure.help</code> files that are now available to
-support the construction of custom kernels, the <code>modconf</code> package
-comes with a series of help files (in <code>/usr/lib/modules_help/</code>)
-which provide detailed information on appropriate arguments for each of the
-modules.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-removeoldkernel"></a>10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. The <code>linux-image-<var>NNN</var>.prerm</code> script checks to see
-whether the kernel you are currently running is the same as the kernel you are
-trying to de-install. Therefore you can remove unwanted kernel image packages
-using this command:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --purge linux-image-<var>NNN</var>
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-(replace <var>NNN</var> with your kernel version and revision number, of
-course)
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ 10 ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Changes expected in the next major release of Debian</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-nexttime"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ 15 ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 15 - Changes expected in the next major release of Debian
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-i18n"></a>15.1 Extended support for non-English users</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian already has very good support for non-English users, see <a
-href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish">How does Debian support non-English
-languages?, Section 5.9</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We hope to find people who will provide support for even more languages, and
-translate. Some programs already support internationalization, so we need
-message catalogs translators. Many programs still remain to be properly
-internationalized.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The GNU Translation Project <code><a
-href="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ABOUT-NLS">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ABOUT-NLS</a></code>
-works on internationalizing the GNU programs.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Specifically for Debian lenny, we're working on things like the following:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-I18n support in all debconf-using packages: Packages using the Debian
-configuration management must allow for translation of all messages displayed
-to the user during package configuration.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-I18n support for package descriptions: Update package management frontends to
-use the translated descriptions of packages.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-UTF-8 debian/changelog and debian/control. This way, e.g. names of people
-from asian countries can get typeset the right way in changelogs.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-dependencybasedboot"></a>15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence</h2>
-
-<p>
-Work is being done on <code><a
-href="http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">converting the
-Debian boot sequence</a></code> to use dynamic and dependency based ordering
-instead of hardcoded sequence numbers. Once that's finished, Debian systems
-will boot much faster.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-di"></a>15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer</h2>
-
-<p>
-Lots of work has been done on the Debian Installer, resulting in major
-improvements. We'll mention just two of them here.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Starting the installer from Microsoft Windows: It is now possible to start the
-installer directly from Microsoft Windows without the need to change BIOS
-settings. Upon insertion of a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or USB stick, an autorun program
-will be started, offering a step-by-step process to start the Debian Installer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The debian-installer now includes experimental support for installing Debian on
-systems with Serial ATA RAID.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-morearches"></a>15.4 More architectures</h2>
-
-<p>
-Complete Debian system on other architectures such as <code><a
-href="http://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort">ARM EABI</a></code> (referred to as
-"armel") (next to the old "arm") will likely get supported
-with lenny. Support for <code><a
-href="http://wiki.debian.org/SHPort">SuperH</a></code> is expected soon.
-Notice that even though some architectures are dropped for a given the release
-there still might be a way to install and upgrade using the latest
-<samp>sid</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-morekernels"></a>15.5 More kernels</h2>
-
-<p>
-In addition to Debian GNU/Hurd, Debian is being ported also to BSD kernels,
-namely to <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/">FreeBSD</a></code>. This port
-runs on both AMD64 ("kfreebsd-amd64") and traditional Intel
-("kfreebsd-i386").
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ 15 ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Basics of the Debian package management system</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-pkg_basics"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ 7 ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 7 - Basics of the Debian package management system
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-This chapter touches on some lower level internals of Debian package
-management. If you're interested mainly in <em>usage</em> of the relevant
-tools, skip to chapters <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">The Debian package
-management tools, Chapter 8</a> and/or <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">Keeping
-your Debian system up-to-date, Chapter 9</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-package"></a>7.1 What is a Debian package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Packages generally contain all of the files necessary to implement a set of
-related commands or features. There are two types of Debian packages:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>Binary packages</em>, which contain executables, configuration files,
-man/info pages, copyright information, and other documentation. These packages
-are distributed in a Debian-specific archive format (see <a
-href="#s-deb-format">What is the format of a Debian binary package?, Section
-7.2</a>); they are usually distinguished by having a '.deb' file extension.
-Binary packages can be unpacked using the Debian utility <samp>dpkg</samp>
-(possibly via a frontend like <code>aptitude</code>); details are given in its
-manual page.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<em>Source packages</em>, which consist of a <samp>.dsc</samp> file describing
-the source package (including the names of the following files), a
-<samp>.orig.tar.gz</samp> file that contains the original unmodified source in
-gzip-compressed tar format and usually a <samp>.diff.gz</samp> file that
-contains the Debian-specific changes to the original source. The utility
-<samp>dpkg-source</samp> packs and unpacks Debian source archives; details are
-provided in its manual page. (The program <code>apt-get</code> can get used a
-frontend for <samp>dpkg-source</samp>.)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Installation of software by the package system uses "dependencies"
-which are carefully designed by the package maintainers. These dependencies
-are documented in the <samp>control</samp> file associated with each package.
-For example, the package containing the GNU C compiler (<code>gcc</code>)
-"depends" on the package <code>binutils</code> which includes the
-linker and assembler. If a user attempts to install <code>gcc</code> without
-having first installed <code>binutils</code>, the package management system
-(dpkg) will send an error message that it also needs <code>binutils</code>, and
-stop installing <code>gcc</code>. (However, this facility can be overridden by
-the insistent user, see <code>dpkg(8)</code>.) See more in <a
-href="#s-depends">What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>,
-<em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em>
-or <em>Provides</em> another package?, Section 7.9</a> below.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian's packaging tools can be used to:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-manipulate and manage packages or parts of packages,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-administer local overrides of files in a package,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-aid developers in the construction of package archives, and
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-aid users in the installation of packages which reside on a remote FTP site.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-deb-format"></a>7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-A Debian "package", or a Debian archive file, contains the executable
-files, libraries, and documentation associated with a particular suite of
-program or set of related programs. Normally, a Debian archive file has a
-filename that ends in <samp>.deb</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The internals of this Debian binary packages format are described in the
-<code>deb(5)</code> manual page. This internal format is subject to change
-(between major releases of Debian GNU/Linux), therefore please always use
-<code>dpkg-deb(1)</code> if you need to do lowlevel manipulations on
-<samp>.deb</samp> files.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pkgname"></a>7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The Debian binary package file names conform to the following convention:
-<foo>_<VersionNumber>-<DebianRevisionNumber>_<DebianArchitecture>.deb
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Note that <samp>foo</samp> is supposed to be the package name. As a check, one
-can learn the package name associated with a particular Debian archive file
-(.deb file) in one of these ways:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-inspect the "Packages" file in the directory where it was stored at a
-Debian FTP archive site. This file contains a stanza describing each package;
-the first field in each stanza is the formal package name.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-use the command <samp>dpkg --info foo_VVV-RRR_AAA.deb</samp> (where VVV, RRR
-and AAA are the version, revision and architecture of the package in question,
-respectively). This displays, among other things, the package name
-corresponding to the archive file being unpacked.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-The <samp>VVV</samp> component is the version number specified by the upstream
-developer. There are no standards in place here, so the version number may
-have formats as different as "19990513" and "1.3.8pre1".
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <samp>RRR</samp> component is the Debian revision number, and is specified
-by the Debian developer (or an individual user if he chooses to build the
-package himself). This number corresponds to the revision level of the Debian
-package, thus, a new revision level usually signifies changes in the Debian
-Makefile (<samp>debian/rules</samp>), the Debian control file
-(<samp>debian/control</samp>), the installation or removal scripts
-(<samp>debian/p*</samp>), or in the configuration files used with the package.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <samp>AAA</samp> component identifies the processor for which the package
-was built. This is commonly <samp>i386</samp>, which refers to chips
-compatible to Intel's 386 or later versions. For other possibilities review
-Debian's FTP directory structure at <a
-href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree">What are all those directories at the
-Debian FTP archives?, Section 6.7</a>. For details, see the description of
-"Debian architecture" in the manual page
-<code>dpkg-architecture(1)</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-controlfile"></a>7.4 What is a Debian control file?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Specifics regarding the contents of a Debian control file are provided in the
-Debian Policy Manual, section 5, see <a
-href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other documentation exists on and
-for a Debian system?, Section 12.1</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Briefly, a sample control file is shown below for the Debian package hello:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- Package: hello
- Priority: optional
- Section: devel
- Installed-Size: 45
- Maintainer: Adam Heath <doogie at debian.org>
- Architecture: i386
- Version: 1.3-16
- Depends: libc6 (>= 2.1)
- Description: The classic greeting, and a good example
- The GNU hello program produces a familiar, friendly greeting. It
- allows nonprogrammers to use a classic computer science tool which
- would otherwise be unavailable to them.
- .
- Seriously, though: this is an example of how to do a Debian package.
- It is the Debian version of the GNU Project's `hello world' program
- (which is itself an example for the GNU Project).
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-The Package field gives the package name. This is the name by which the
-package can be manipulated by the package tools, and usually similar to but not
-necessarily the same as the first component string in the Debian archive file
-name.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Version field gives both the upstream developer's version number and (in
-the last component) the revision level of the Debian package of this program as
-explained in <a href="#s-pkgname">Why are Debian package file names so long?,
-Section 7.3</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Architecture field specifies the chip for which this particular binary was
-compiled.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Depends field gives a list of packages that have to be installed in order
-to install this package successfully.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Installed-Size indicates how much disk space the installed package will
-consume. This is intended to be used by installation front-ends in order to
-show whether there is enough disk space available to install the program.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Section line gives the "section" where this Debian package is
-stored at the Debian FTP sites.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Priority indicates how important is this package for installation, so that
-semi-intelligent software like dselect or aptitude can sort the package into a
-category of e.g. packages optionally installed. See <a
-href="#s-priority">What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>,
-<em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em>
-package?, Section 7.7</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Maintainer field gives the e-mail address of the person who is currently
-responsible for maintaining this package.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Description field gives a brief summary of the package's features.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more information about all possible fields a package can have, please see
-the Debian Policy Manual, section 5., "Control files and their
-fields".
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-conffile"></a>7.5 What is a Debian conffile?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Conffiles is a list of configuration files (usually placed in
-<samp>/etc</samp>) that the package management system will not overwrite when
-the package is upgraded. This ensures that local values for the contents of
-these files will be preserved, and is a critical feature enabling the in-place
-upgrade of packages on a running system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To determine exactly which files are preserved during an upgrade, run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --status package
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-And look under "Conffiles:".
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-maintscripts"></a>7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?</h2>
-
-<p>
-These files are executable scripts which are automatically run before or after
-a package is installed. Along with a file named <samp>control</samp>, all of
-these files are part of the "control" section of a Debian archive
-file.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The individual files are:
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt>preinst</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This script executes before that package will be unpacked from its Debian
-archive (".deb") file. Many 'preinst' scripts stop services for
-packages which are being upgraded until their installation or upgrade is
-completed (following the successful execution of the 'postinst' script).
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>postinst</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This script typically completes any required configuration of the package
-<samp>foo</samp> once <samp>foo</samp> has been unpacked from its Debian
-archive (".deb") file. Often, 'postinst' scripts ask the user for
-input, and/or warn the user that if he accepts default values, he should
-remember to go back and re-configure that package as the situation warrants.
-Many 'postinst' scripts then execute any commands necessary to start or restart
-a service once a new package has been installed or upgraded.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>prerm</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This script typically stops any daemons which are associated with a package.
-It is executed before the removal of files associated with the package.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>postrm</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This script typically modifies links or other files associated with
-<samp>foo</samp>, and/or removes files created by the package. (Also see <a
-href="#s-virtual">What is a Virtual Package?, Section 7.8</a>.)
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<p>
-Currently all of the control files can be found in directory
-<samp>/var/lib/dpkg/info</samp>. The files relevant to package
-<samp>foo</samp> begin with the name "foo" and have file extensions
-of "preinst", "postinst", etc., as appropriate. The file
-<samp>foo.list</samp> in that directory lists all of the files that were
-installed with the package <samp>foo</samp>. (Note that the location of these
-files is a dpkg internal; you should not rely on it.)
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-priority"></a>7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Each Debian package is assigned a <em>priority</em> by the distribution
-maintainers, as an aid to the package management system. The priorities are:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>Required</strong>: packages that are necessary for the proper
-functioning of the system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This includes all tools that are necessary to repair system defects. You must
-not remove these packages or your system may become totally broken and you may
-probably not even be able to use dpkg to put things back. Systems with only
-the Required packages are probably unusable, but they do have enough
-functionality to allow the sysadmin to boot and install more software.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>Important</strong> packages should be found on any Unix-like system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Other packages which the system will not run well or be usable without will be
-here. This does <em>NOT</em> include Emacs or X or TeX or any other large
-applications. These packages only constitute the bare infrastructure.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>Standard</strong> packages are standard on any Linux system, including
-a reasonably small but not too limited character-mode system. Tools are
-included to be able to browse the web (using w3m), send e-mail (with mutt) and
-download files from FTP servers.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is what will install by default if users do not select anything else. It
-does not include many large applications, but it does include the Python
-interpreter and some server software like OpenSSH (for remote administration),
-Exim (for mail delivery, although it can be configured for local delivery
-only), an identd server (pidentd) and the RPC portmapper
-(<samp>portmap</samp>). It also includes some common generic documentation
-that most users will find helpful.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>Optional</strong> packages include all those that you might reasonably
-want to install if you did not know what it was, or do not have specialized
-requirements.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This includes X, a full TeX distribution, and lots of applications.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>Extra</strong>: packages that either conflict with others with higher
-priorities, are only likely to be useful if you already know what they are, or
-have specialized requirements that make them unsuitable for
-"Optional".
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-If you do a default Debian installation all the packages of priority
-<strong>Standard</strong> or higher will be installed in your system. If you
-select pre-defined tasks you will get lower priority packages too.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Additionally, some packages are marked as <strong>Essential</strong> since they
-are absolutely necessary for the proper functioning of the system. The package
-management tools will refuse to remove these.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-virtual"></a>7.8 What is a Virtual Package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-A virtual package is a generic name that applies to any one of a group of
-packages, all of which provide similar basic functionality. For example, both
-the <samp>tin</samp> and <samp>trn</samp> programs are news readers, and should
-therefore satisfy any dependency of a program that required a news reader on a
-system, in order to work or to be useful. They are therefore both said to
-provide the "virtual package" called <samp>news-reader</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Similarly, <samp>smail</samp> and <samp>sendmail</samp> both provide the
-functionality of a mail transport agent. They are therefore said to provide
-the virtual package, "mail transport agent". If either one is
-installed, then any program depending on the installation of a
-<samp>mail-transport-agent</samp> will be satisfied by the existence of this
-virtual package.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian provides a mechanism so that, if more than one package which provide the
-same virtual package is installed on a system, then system administrators can
-set one as the preferred package. The relevant command is
-<samp>update-alternatives</samp>, and is described further in <a
-href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse">Some users like mawk, others like gawk;
-some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does
-Debian support diversity?, Section 11.10</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-depends"></a>7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The Debian package system has a range of package "dependencies" which
-are designed to indicate (in a single flag) the level at which Program A can
-operate independently of the existence of Program B on a given system:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Package A <em>depends</em> on Package B if B absolutely must be installed in
-order to run A. In some cases, A depends not only on B, but on a version of B.
-In this case, the version dependency is usually a lower limit, in the sense
-that A depends on any version of B more recent than some specified version.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Package A <em>recommends</em> Package B, if the package maintainer judges that
-most users would not want A without also having the functionality provided by
-B.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Package A <em>suggests</em> Package B if B contains files that are related to
-(and usually enhance) the functionality of A.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Package A <em>conflicts</em> with Package B when A will not operate if B is
-installed on the system. Most often, conflicts are cases where A contains
-files which are an improvement over those in B. "Conflicts" are
-often combined with "replaces".
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Package A <em>replaces</em> Package B when files installed by B are removed and
-(in some cases) over-written by files in A.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Package A <em>provides</em> Package B when all of the files and functionality
-of B are incorporated into A. This mechanism provides a way for users with
-constrained disk space to get only that part of package A which they really
-need.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-More detailed information on the use of each these terms can be found in the
-Policy manual.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pre-depends"></a>7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?</h2>
-
-<p>
-"Pre-Depends" is a special dependency. In the case of most packages,
-<samp>dpkg</samp> will unpack its archive file (i.e., its <samp>.deb</samp>
-file) independently of whether or not the files on which it depends exist on
-the system. Simplistically, unpacking means that <samp>dpkg</samp> will
-extract the files from the archive file that were meant to be installed on your
-file system, and put them in place. If those packages <em>depend</em> on the
-existence of some other packages on your system, <samp>dpkg</samp> will refuse
-to complete the installation (by executing its "configure" action)
-until the other packages are installed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-However, for some packages, <samp>dpkg</samp> will refuse even to unpack them
-until certain dependencies are resolved. Such packages are said to
-"Pre-depend" on the presence of some other packages. The Debian
-project provided this mechanism to support the safe upgrading of systems from
-<samp>a.out</samp> format to <samp>ELF</samp> format, where the <em>order</em>
-in which packages were unpacked was critical. There are other large upgrade
-situations where this method is useful, e.g. the packages with the required
-priority and their LibC dependency.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-As before, more detailed information about this can be found in the Policy
-manual.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pkgstatus"></a>7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?</h2>
-
-<p>
-These "want" flags tell what the user wanted to do with a package (as
-indicated either by the user's actions in the "Select" section of
-<samp>dselect</samp>, or by the user's direct invocations of
-<samp>dpkg</samp>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Their meanings are:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-unknown - the user has never indicated whether he wants the package
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-install - the user wants the package installed or upgraded
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-remove - the user wants the package removed, but does not want to remove any
-existing configuration files.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-purge - the user wants the package to be removed completely, including its
-configuration files.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-hold - the user wants this package not to be processed, i.e., he wants to keep
-the current version with the current status whatever that is.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-puttingonhold"></a>7.12 How do I put a package on hold?</h2>
-
-<p>
-There are three ways of holding back packages, with dpkg, aptitude or with
-dselect.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-With dpkg, you have to export the list of package selections, with:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --get-selections \* > selections.txt
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Then edit the resulting file <code>selections.txt</code>, change the line
-containing the package you wish to hold, e.g. <code>libc6</code>, from this:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- libc6 install
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-to this:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- libc6 hold
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Save the file, and reload it into dpkg database with:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --set-selections < selections.txt
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-With aptitude, you can hold a package using
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- aptitude hold package_name
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-and remove the hold with
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- aptitude unhold package_name
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-With dselect, you have to enter the [S]elect screen, find the package you wish
-to hold in its present state, and press the `=' key (or `H'). The changes will
-go live immediately after you exit the [S]elect screen.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-sourcepkgs"></a>7.13 How do I install a source package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian source packages can't actually be "installed", they are just
-unpacked in whatever directory you want to build the binary packages they
-produce.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Source packages are distributed on most of the same mirrors where you can
-obtain the binary packages. If you set up your APT's
-<code>sources.list(5)</code> to include the appropriate "deb-src"
-lines, you'll be able to easily download any source packages by running
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get source foo
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-To help you in actually building the source package, Debian source package
-provide the so-called build-dependencies mechanism. This means that the source
-package maintainer keeps a list of other packages that are required to build
-their package. To see how this is useful, run
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get build-dep foo
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-before building the source.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-sourcebuild"></a>7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The preferred way to do this is by using various wrapper tools. We'll show how
-it's done using the <samp>devscripts</samp> tools. Install this package if you
-haven't done so already.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Now, first get the source package:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get source foo
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-and change to the source tree:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- cd foo-*
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Then install needed build-dependencies (if any):
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- sudo apt-get build-dep foo
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Then create a dedicated version of your own build (so that you won't get
-confused later when Debian itself releases a new version)
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dch -l local 'Blah blah blah'
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-And finally build your package
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- debuild -us -uc
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-If everything worked out fine, you should now be able to install your package
-by running
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- sudo dpkg -i ../*.deb
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-If you prefer to do things manually, and don't want to use
-<samp>devscripts</samp>, follow this procedure:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You will need all of foo_*.dsc, foo_*.tar.gz and foo_*.diff.gz to compile the
-source (note: there is no .diff.gz for some packages that are native to
-Debian).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Once you have them (<a href="#s-sourcepkgs">How do I install a source package?,
-Section 7.13</a>), if you have the <code>dpkg-dev</code> package installed, the
-following command:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg-source -x foo_version-revision.dsc
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-will extract the package into a directory called <samp>foo-version</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you want just to compile the package, you may cd into
-<samp>foo-version</samp> directory and issue the command
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-to build the package (note that this also requires the <code>fakeroot</code>
-package), and then
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg -i ../foo_version-revision_arch.deb
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-to install the newly-built package(s).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-creatingdebs"></a>7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?</h2>
-
-<p>
-For a more detailed description on this, read the New Maintainers' Guide,
-available in the <code>maint-guide</code> package, or at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#maint-guide">http://www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#maint-guide</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ 7 ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - The Debian package management tools</title>
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-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
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-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
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-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 8 - The Debian package management tools
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pkgprogs"></a>8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?</h2>
-
-<p>
-There are multiple tools that are used to manage Debian packages, from graphic
-or text-based interfaces to the low level tools used to install packages. All
-the available tools rely on the lower level tools to properly work and are
-presented here in decreasing complexity level.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is important to understand that the higher level package management tools
-such as <code>aptitude</code> or <code>dselect</code> rely on <code>apt</code>
-which, itself, relies on <code>dpkg</code> to manage the packages in the
-system.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-See the <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/">APT
-HOWTO</a></code> for more information about the Debian package management
-utilities. This document is available in various languages and formats, see
-<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">the APT HOWTO
-entry on the DDP Users' Manuals overview</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-dpkg"></a>8.1.1 dpkg</h3>
-
-<p>
-This is the main package management program. <code>dpkg</code> can be invoked
-with many options. Some common uses are:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Find out all the options: <samp>dpkg --help</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Print out the control file (and other information) for a specified package:
-<samp>dpkg --info foo_VVV-RRR.deb</samp>
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Install a package (including unpacking and configuring) onto the file system of
-the hard disk: <samp>dpkg --install foo_VVV-RRR.deb</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Unpack (but do not configure) a Debian archive into the file system of the hard
-disk: <samp>dpkg --unpack foo_VVV-RRR.deb</samp>. Note that this operation
-does <em>not</em> necessarily leave the package in a usable state; some files
-may need further customization to run properly. This command removes any
-already-installed version of the program and runs the preinst (see <a
-href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts">What is a Debian preinst, postinst,
-prerm, and postrm script?, Section 7.6</a>) script associated with the package.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Configure a package that already has been unpacked: <samp>dpkg --configure
-foo</samp>. Among other things, this action runs the postinst (see <a
-href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts">What is a Debian preinst, postinst,
-prerm, and postrm script?, Section 7.6</a>) script associated with the package.
-It also updates the files listed in the <samp>conffiles</samp> for this
-package. Notice that the 'configure' operation takes as its argument a package
-name (e.g., foo), <em>not</em> the name of a Debian archive file (e.g.,
-foo_VVV-RRR.deb).
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Extract a single file named "blurf" (or a group of files named
-"blurf*" from a Debian archive: <samp>dpkg --fsys-tarfile
-foo_VVV-RRR.deb | tar -xf - blurf*</samp>
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Remove a package (but not its configuration files): <samp>dpkg --remove
-foo</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Remove a package (including its configuration files): <samp>dpkg --purge
-foo</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-List the installation status of packages containing the string (or regular
-expression) "foo*": <samp>dpkg --list 'foo*'</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-apt-get"></a>8.1.2 APT</h3>
-
-<p>
-APT is the <em>Advanced Package Tool</em> and provides the <code>apt-get</code>
-program. <code>apt-get</code> provides a simple way to retrieve and install
-packages from multiple sources using the command line. Unlike
-<code>dpkg</code>, <code>apt-get</code> does not understand .deb files, it
-works with the packages proper name and can only install .deb archives from a
-source specified in <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>. <code>apt-get</code>
-will call <code>dpkg</code> directly after downloading the .deb archives[<a
-href="footnotes.en.html#f5" name="fr5">5</a>] from the configured sources.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Some common ways to use <code>apt-get</code> are:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To update the list of package known by your system, you can run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get update
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-(you should execute this regularly to update your package lists)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To upgrade all the packages on your system (without installing extra packages
-or removing packages), run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get upgrade
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To install the <var>foo</var> package and all its dependencies, run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get install foo
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To remove the foo package from your system, run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get remove foo
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To remove the foo package and its configuration files from your system, run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get --purge remove foo
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To upgrade all the packages on your system, and, if needed for a package
-upgrade, installing extra packages or removing packages, run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get dist-upgrade
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-(The command <samp>upgrade</samp> keeps a package at its installed obsolete
-version if upgrading would need an extra package to be installed, for a new
-dependency to be satisfied. The <samp>dist-upgrade</samp> command is less
-conservative.)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Note that you must be logged in as root to perform any commands that modify the
-system packages.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The apt tool suite also includes the <code>apt-cache</code> tool to query the
-package lists. You can use it to find packages providing specific
-functionality through simple text or regular expression queries and through
-queries of dependencies in the package management system. Some common ways to
-use <code>apt-cache</code> are:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To find packages whose description contain <var>word</var>:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-cache search <var>word</var>
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To print the detailed information of a package:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-cache show <var>package</var>
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To print the packages a given package depends on:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-cache depends <var>package</var>
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-To print detailed information of the versions available for a package and the
-packages that reverse-depends on it:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-cache showpkg <var>package</var>
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-For more information, install the <code>apt</code> package and read
-<code>apt-get(8)</code>, <code>sources.list(5)</code> and install the
-<code>apt-doc</code> package and read
-<code>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-aptitude"></a>8.1.3 aptitude</h3>
-
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> is a package manager for Debian GNU/Linux systems that
-provides a frontend to the apt package management infrastructure.
-<code>aptitude</code> is a text-based interface using the curses library, it
-can be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> provides the functionality of <code>dselect</code> and
-<code>apt-get</code>, as well as many additional features not found in either
-program:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> offers access to all versions of a package.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> logs all its actions in <code>/var/log/aptitude</code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> makes it easy to keep track of obsolete software by
-listing it under "Obsolete and Locally Created Packages".
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> includes a fairly powerful system for searching
-particular packages and limiting the package display. Users familiar with
-<code>mutt</code> will pick up quickly, as <code>mutt</code> was the
-inspiration for the expression syntax.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> tracks which packages have been installed due to
-dependencies and removes them automatically when the packages that needed them
-are removed from the system.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> can automatically install <em>Recommended:</em>
-packages[<a href="footnotes.en.html#f6" name="fr6">6</a>].
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> can be used to install the predefined tasks available.
-For more information see <a href="#s-tasksel">tasksel, Section 8.1.5</a>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> in full screen mode has <code>su</code> functionality
-embedded and can be run by a normal user. It will call <code>su</code> (and
-ask for the root password, if any) when you really need administrative
-privileges
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-You can use <code>aptitude</code> through a visual interface (simply run
-<samp>aptitude</samp>) or directly from the command line. The command line
-syntax used is very similar to the one used in <code>apt-get</code>. For
-example, to install the <var>foo</var> package, you can run <samp>aptitude
-install <var>foo</var></samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Note that <code>aptitude</code> is the preferred program for package management
-from console both for package installations and package or system upgrades.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more informations, read the manual page <code>aptitude(8)</code> and
-install the <code>aptitude-doc</code> package.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-synaptic"></a>8.1.4 synaptic</h3>
-
-<p>
-<code>synaptic</code> is a graphical package manager. It enables you to
-install, upgrade and remove software packages in a user friendly way. Next to
-all features offered by aptitude, it also has a feature for editing the list of
-used repositories, and supports browsing all available documentation related to
-a package. See the <code><a href="http://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/">Synaptic
-Website</a></code> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-tasksel"></a>8.1.5 tasksel</h3>
-
-<p>
-When you want to perform a specific task it might be difficult to find the
-appropiate suite of packages that fill your need. The Debian developers have
-defined <samp>tasks</samp>, a task is a collection of several individual Debian
-packages all related to a specific activity. Tasks can be installed through
-the <code>tasksel</code> program or through <code>aptitude</code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Debian installer will typically install automaticaly the task associated
-with a standard system and a desktop environment. The specific desktop
-environment installed will depend on the CD/DVD media used, most commonly it
-will be the GNOME desktop (<samp>gnome-desktop</samp> task). Also, depending
-on your selections throughout the installation process, tasks might be
-automatically installed in your system. For example, if you selected a
-language, the task associated with it will be installed automatically too and
-if you are running in a laptop system the installer recognises the
-<samp>laptop</samp> task will be installed too.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-dpkg-extra"></a>8.1.6 Other package management tools</h3>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h4><a name="s-dselect"></a>8.1.6.1 dselect</h4>
-
-<p>
-This program is a menu-driven interface to the Debian package management
-system. For woody and earlier releases, this was the main package management
-interface for for first-time installations, but currently users are encouraged
-to use <code>aptitude</code> instead. Some users might feel more comfortable
-using <code>aptitude</code> and it is also recommended over
-<code>dselect</code> for large-scale upgrades. For more information on
-<code>aptitude</code> please see <a href="#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section
-8.1.3</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<code>dselect</code> can:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-guide the user as he/she chooses among packages to install or remove, ensuring
-that no packages are installed that conflict with one another, and that all
-packages required to make each package work properly are installed;
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-warn the user about inconsistencies or incompatibilities in their selections;
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-determine the order in which the packages must be installed;
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-automatically perform the installation or removal; and
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-guide the user through whatever configuration process are required for each
-package.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-<code>dselect</code> begins by presenting the user with a menu of 7 items, each
-of which is a specific action. The user can select one of the actions by using
-the arrow keys to move the highlighter bar, then pressing the
-<em><enter></em> key to select the highlighted action.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-What the user sees next depends on the action he selected. If he selects any
-option but <samp>Access</samp> or <samp>Select</samp>, then
-<code>dselect</code> will simply proceed to execute the specified action: e.g.,
-if the user selected the action <samp>Remove</samp>, then dselect would proceed
-to remove all of the files selected for removal when the user last chose the
-<samp>Select</samp> action.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Both the <samp>Access</samp> menu item and the <samp>Select</samp> menu item
-lead to additional menus. In both cases, the menus are presented as split
-screens; the top screen gives a scrollable list of choices, while the bottom
-screen gives a brief explanation ("info") for each choice.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Extensive on-line help is available, use the '?' key to get to a help screen
-at any time.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The order in which the actions are presented in the first <code>dselect</code>
-menu represents the order in which a user would normally choose
-<code>dselect</code> to install packages. However, a user can pick any of the
-main menu choices as often as needed (including not at all, depending on what
-one wants to do).
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Begin by choosing an <strong>Access Method</strong>. This is the method by
-which the user plans on accessing Debian packages; e.g., some users have Debian
-packages available on CD-ROM, while others plan to fetch them using anonymous
-FTP. The selected "Access Method" is stored after
-<code>dselect</code> exits, so if it does not change, then this option need not
-be invoked again.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Then <strong>Update</strong> the list of available packages. To do this,
-<code>dselect</code> reads the file "Packages.gz" which should be
-included in the top level of the directory where the Debian packages to be
-installed are stored. (But if it is not there, <code>dselect</code> will offer
-to make it for you.)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<strong>Select</strong> specific packages for installation on his system.
-After choosing this menu item, the user is first presented with a full screen
-of help (unless the `--expert' command line option was used). Once the user
-exits the Help screen, he sees the split-screen menu for choosing packages to
-install (or remove).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The top part of the screen is a relatively narrow window into the list of
-Debian's 18200 packages; the bottom part of the screen contains description of
-the package or group of packages which are highlighted above.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-One can specify which packages should be operated on by highlighting a package
-name or the label for a group of packages. After that, you can select
-packages:
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt>to be installed:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This is accomplished by pressing the `+' key.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>to be deleted:</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-Packages can be deleted two ways:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-removed: this removes most of the files associated with the package, but
-preserves the files listed as configuration files (see <a
-href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile">What is a Debian conffile?, Section
-7.5</a>) and package configuration information. This is done by pressing the
-`-' key.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-purged: this removes <em>every</em> file that is part of the package. This is
-done by pressing the `_' key.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Note that it's not possible to remove "All Packages". If you try
-that, your system will instead be reduced to the initial installed base
-packages.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt>to be put "on hold"</dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-This is done by pressing `=', and it effectively tells <code>dselect</code> not
-to upgrade a package even if the version currently installed on your system is
-not as recent as the version that is available in the Debian repository you are
-using (this was specified when you set the <strong>Access Method</strong>, and
-acquired when you used <strong>Update</strong>).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Just like you can put a package on hold, you can reverse such setting by
-pressing `:'. That tells <code>dselect</code> that the package(s) may be
-upgraded if a newer version is available. This is the default setting.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<p>
-You can select a different order in which the packages are presented, by using
-the `o' key to cycle between various options for sorting the packages. The
-default order is to present packages by Priority; within each priority,
-packages are presented in order of the directory (a.k.a. section) of the
-archive in which they are stored. Given this sort order, some packages in
-section A (say) may be presented first, followed by some packages in section B,
-followed by more packages (of lower priority) in section A.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You can also expand meanings of the labels at the top of the screen, by using
-the `v' (verbose) key. This action pushes much of the text that formerly fit
-onto the display off to the right. To see it, press the right arrow; to scroll
-back to the left, press the left arrow.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you select a package for installation or removal, e.g.,
-<code>foo.deb</code>, and that package depends on (or recommends) another
-package, e.g., <code>blurf.deb</code>, then <code>dselect</code> will place the
-you in a sub-screen of the main selection screen. There you can choose among
-the related packages, accepting the suggested actions (to install or not), or
-rejecting them. To do the latter, press Shift-D; to return to the former,
-press Shift-U. In any case, you can save your selections and return to the
-main selection screen by pressing Shift-Q.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Users returning to the main menu can then select the "Install" menu
-item to unpack and configure the selected packages. Alternatively, users
-wishing to remove files can choose the "Remove" menu item. At any
-point, users can choose "Quit" to exit dselect; users' selections are
-preserved by <code>dselect</code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h4><a name="s-dpkg-deb"></a>8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb</h4>
-
-<p>
-This program manipulates Debian archive(<samp>.deb</samp>) files. Some common
-uses are:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Find out all the options: <samp>dpkg-deb --help</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Determine what files are contained in a Debian archive file: <samp>dpkg-deb
---contents foo_VVV-RRR.deb</samp>)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Extract the files contained in a named Debian archive into a user specified
-directory: <samp>dpkg-deb --extract foo_VVV-RRR.deb tmp</samp> extracts each of
-the files in <samp>foo_VVV-RRR.deb</samp> into the directory <samp>tmp/</samp>.
-This is convenient for examining the contents of a package in a localized
-directory, without installing the package into the root file system.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Extract the control information files from a package: <samp>dpkg-deb --control
-foo_VVV-RRR.deb tmp</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Note that any packages that were merely unpacked using <samp>dpkg-deb
---extract</samp> will be incorrectly installed, you should use <samp>dpkg
---install</samp> instead.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-More information is given in the manual page <code>dpkg-deb(1)</code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h4><a name="s-dpkg-split"></a>8.1.6.3 dpkg-split</h4>
-
-<p>
-This program splits large package into smaller files (e.g., for writing onto a
-set of floppy disks), and can also be used to merge a set of split files back
-into a single file. It can only be used on a Debian system (i.e. a system
-containing the <code>dpkg</code> package), since it calls the program
-<samp>dpkg-deb</samp> to parse the debian package file into its component
-records.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, to split a big .deb file into N parts,
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Execute the command <samp>dpkg-split --split foo.deb</samp>. This will produce
-N files each of approximately 460 KBytes long in the current directory.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Copy those N files to floppy disks.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Copy the contents of the floppy disks onto the hard disk of your choice on the
-other machine.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Join those part-files together using <samp>dpkg-split --join
-"foo*"</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-updaterunning"></a>8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?</h2>
-
-<p>
-The kernel (file system) in Debian GNU/Linux systems supports replacing files
-even while they're being used.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-We also provide a program called <code>start-stop-daemon</code> which is used
-to start daemons at boot time or to stop daemons when the runlevel is changed
-(e.g., from multi-user to single-user or to halt). The same program is used by
-installation scripts when a new package containing a daemon is installed, to
-stop running daemons, and restart them as necessary.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-whatpackages"></a>8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?</h2>
-
-<p>
-To learn the status of all the packages installed on a Debian system, execute
-the command
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --list
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-This prints out a one-line summary for each package, giving a 2-letter status
-symbol (explained in the header), the package name, the version which is
-<em>installed</em>, and a brief description.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To learn the status of packages whose names match the string any pattern
-beginning with "foo" by executing the command:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --list 'foo*'
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-To get a more verbose report for a particular package, execute the command:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --status packagename
-</pre>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-listfiles"></a>8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?</h2>
-
-<p>
-To list all the files provided by the installed package <samp>foo</samp>
-execute the command
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --listfiles foo
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Note that the files created by the installation scripts aren't displayed.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-filesearch"></a>8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?</h2>
-
-<p>
-To identify the package that produced the file named <samp>foo</samp> execute
-either:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<samp>dpkg --search filename</samp>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This searches for <samp>filename</samp> in installed packages. (This is
-(currently) equivalent to searching all of the files having the file extension
-of <samp>.list</samp> in the directory <samp>/var/lib/dpkg/info/</samp>, and
-adjusting the output to print the names of all the packages containing it, and
-diversions.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A faster alternative to this is the <code>dlocate</code> tool.
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dlocate -S filename
-</pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<samp>zgrep foo Contents-ARCH.gz</samp>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This searches for files which contain the substring <samp>foo</samp> in their
-full path names. The files <samp>Contents-ARCH.gz</samp> (where ARCH
-represents the wanted architecture) reside in the major package directories
-(main, non-free, contrib) at a Debian FTP site (i.e. under
-<samp>/debian/dists/etch</samp>). A <samp>Contents</samp> file refers only to
-the packages in the subdirectory tree where it resides. Therefore, a user
-might have to search more than one <samp>Contents</samp> files to find the
-package containing the file <samp>foo</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This method has the advantage over <samp>dpkg --search</samp> in that it will
-find files in packages that are not currently installed on your system.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<samp>apt-file search <var>foo</var></samp>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you install the <code>apt-file</code>, similar to the above, it searches
-files which contain the substring or regular expression <samp>foo</samp> in
-their full path names. The advantage over the sample above is that there is no
-need to retrieve the <samp>Contents-ARCH.gz</samp> files as it will do this
-automatically for all the sources defined in <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>
-when you run (as root) <samp>apt-file update</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-datapackages"></a>8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Some packages are split in program (`foo') and data (`foo-data') (or in `foo'
-and `foo-doc'). This is true for many games, multimedia applications and
-dictionaries in Debian and has been introduced since some users might want to
-access the raw data without installing the program or because the program can
-be run without the data itself, making it optional.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Similar situations occur when dealing with libraries: generally these get
-installed since packages containing applications depend on them. When the
-application-package is purged, the library-package might stay on the system.
-Or: when the application-package no longer depends upon e.g. libdb4.2, but
-upon libdb4.3, the libdb4.2 package might stay when the application-package is
-upgraded.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In these cases, `foo-data' doesn't depend on `foo', so when you remove the
-`foo' package it will not get automatically removed by most package management
-tools. The same holds true for the library packages. This is necessary to
-avoid circular dependencies. If you use <code>aptitude</code> (see <a
-href="#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section 8.1.3</a>) as your package management tool
-it will, however, track automatically installed packages and remove them when
-no packages remain that need them in your system.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ 8 ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-redistrib"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ 14 ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 14 - Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-sellcds"></a>14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Go ahead. You do not need permission to distribute anything we have
-<em>released</em>, so that you can master your CD as soon as the beta-test
-ends. You do not have to pay us anything. Of course, all CD manufacturers
-must honor the licenses of the programs in Debian. For example, many of the
-programs are licensed under the GPL, which requires you to distribute their
-source code.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Also, we will publish a list of CD manufacturers who donate money, software,
-and time to the Debian project, and we will encourage users to buy from
-manufacturers who donate, so it is good advertising to make donations.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-packagednonfree"></a>14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. While all the main components of Debian are free software, we provide a
-non-free directory for programs that are not freely redistributable.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-CD manufacturers <em>may</em> be able to distribute the programs we have placed
-in that directory, depending on the license terms or their private arrangements
-with the authors of those software packages. CD manufacturers can also
-distribute the non-free software they get from other sources on the same CD.
-This is nothing new: free and commercial software are distributed on the same
-CD by many manufacturers now. Of course we still encourage software authors to
-release the programs they write as free software.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-childistro"></a>14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. Debian-derived distributions are being created both in close cooperation
-with the Debian project itself and by external parties. One can use the
-<code><a href="http://cdd.alioth.debian.org/">Custom Debian
-Distributions</a></code> framework to work together with Debian; <code><a
-href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux</a></code> is one such project.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There are several other Debian-derived distributions already on the market,
-such as Progeny Debian, Linspire, Knoppix and Ubuntu, that are targeted at a
-different kind of audience than the original Debian GNU/Linux is, but use most
-of our components in their product.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian also provides a mechanism to allow developers and system administrators
-to install local versions of selected files in such a way that they will not be
-overwritten when other packages are upgraded. This is discussed further in the
-question on <a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert">How do I override a file
-installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?,
-Section 11.8</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-commercialdebs"></a>14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Go right ahead. The package tool is free software; the packages may or may not
-be free software, it can install them all.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ 14 ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Software available in the Debian system</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-software"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ 5 ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 5 - Software available in the Debian system
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-apps"></a>5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Like most Linux distributions, Debian GNU/Linux provides:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-the major GNU applications for software development, file manipulation, and
-text processing, including gcc, g++, make, texinfo, Emacs, the Bash shell and
-numerous upgraded Unix utilities,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Perl, Python, Tcl/Tk and various related programs, modules and libraries for
-each of them,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-TeX (LaTeX) and Lyx, dvips, Ghostscript,
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-the Xorg windowing system, which provides a networked graphical user interface
-for Linux, and countless X applications including the GNOME, KDE and Xfce
-desktop environments.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-a full suite of networking applications, including servers for Internet
-protocols such as HTTP (WWW), FTP, NNTP (news), SMTP and POP (mail) and DNS
-(name servers); relational databases like PostgreSQL, MySQL; also provided are
-web browsers including the various Mozilla products [<a
-href="footnotes.en.html#f1" name="fr1">1</a>],
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-a complete set of office applications, including the OpenOffice.org
-productivity suite, Gnumeric and other spreadsheets, WYSIWYG editors,
-calendars.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-More than 18040 packages, ranging from news servers and readers to sound
-support, FAX programs, database and spreadsheet programs, image processing
-programs, communications, net, and mail utilities, Web servers, and even
-ham-radio programs are included in the distribution. Another 560 software
-suites are available as Debian packages, but are not formally part of Debian
-due to license restrictions.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-softwareauthors"></a>5.2 Who wrote all that software?</h2>
-
-<p>
-For each package the <em>authors</em> of the program(s) are credited in the
-file <samp>/usr/share/doc/PACKAGE/copyright</samp>, where PACKAGE is to be
-substituted with the package's name.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>Maintainers</em> who package this software for the Debian GNU/Linux system
-are listed in the Debian control file (see <a
-href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile">What is a Debian control file?,
-Section 7.4</a>) that comes with each package. The Debian changelog, in
-<samp>/usr/share/doc/PACKAGE/changelog.Debian.gz</samp>, mentions the people
-who've worked on the Debian packaging too.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pkglist"></a>5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?</h2>
-
-<p>
-A complete list is available from any of the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist">Debian mirrors</a></code>, in the
-file <samp>indices/Maintainers</samp>. That file includes the package names
-and the names and e-mails of their respective maintainers.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <code><a href="http://packages.debian.org/">WWW interface to the Debian
-packages</a></code> conveniently summarizes the packages in each of about
-thirty "sections" of the Debian archive.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-buildenv"></a>5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?</h2>
-
-<p>
-If you want to build packages in your Debian system you will need to have a
-basic development environment, including a C/C++ compiler and some other
-essential packages. In order to install this environment you just need to
-install the <code>build-essential</code>. This package is a meta-package or
-place-holder package which depends on the standard development tools one needs
-to build a Debian package.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Some software can, however, need additional software to be rebuilt, including
-library headers or additional tools such as <code>autoconf</code> or
-<code>gettext</code>. Debian provides many of the tools needed to build other
-software as Debian packages.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Finding which software is precisely required can be tricky, however, unless you
-are planning on rebuilding Debian packages. This last task is rather easy to
-do, as official packages have to include a list of the additional software
-(besides the packages in <code>build-essential</code>) needed to build the
-pacakge, this is known as <samp>Build-Dependencies</samp>. To install all the
-packages needed to build a given source package and then build said source
-package you can just run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- # apt-get build-dep <var>foo</var>
- # apt-get source --build <var>foo</var>
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Notice that if you want to build the Linux kernels distributed by Debian you
-will want to install also the <code>kernel-package</code> package. For more
-information see <a href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel">What tools does
-Debian provide to build custom kernels?, Section 10.2</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-missing"></a>5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
-
-<p>
-A list of packages which are still needed to be packaged for Debian exists, the
-<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/devel/wnpp/">Work-Needing and Prospective
-Packages list</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more details about adding the missing things, see <a
-href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib">How can I become a Debian software
-developer?, Section 13.1</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-no-devs"></a>5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian Policy requires that such symbolic links (to libfoo.so.x.y.z or similar)
-are placed in separate, development packages. Those packages are usually named
-libfoo-dev or libfooX-dev (presuming the library package is named libfooX, and
-X is a whole number).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-java"></a>5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Several <em>free</em> implementations of Java technology are available as
-Debian packages, providing both Java Development Kits as well as Runtime
-Environments. You can write, debug and run Java programs using Debian.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Running a Java applet requires a web browser with the capability to recognize
-and execute them. Several web browsers available in Debian, such as Mozilla or
-Konqueror, support Java plug-ins that enable running Java applets within them.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Please refer to the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-java-faq/">Debian Java
-FAQ</a></code> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-isitdebian"></a>5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?</h2>
-
-<p>
-In order to make sure that your system has been installed from the real Debian
-base disks check for the existence of <samp>/etc/debian_version</samp> file,
-which contains a single one-line entry giving the version number of the
-release, as defined by the package <samp>base-files</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The existence of the program <samp>dpkg</samp> shows that you should be able to
-install Debian packages on your system, but as the program has been ported to
-many other operating systems and architectures, this is no longer a reliable
-method of determining is a system Debian GNU/Linux.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Users should be aware, however, that the Debian system consists of many parts,
-each of which can be updated (almost) independently. Each Debian
-"release" contains well defined and unchanging contents. Updates are
-separately available. For a one-line description of the installation status of
-package <samp>foo</samp>, use the command <samp>dpkg --list foo</samp>. To
-view versions of all installed packages, run:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg -l
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-For a more verbose description, use:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- dpkg --status foo
-</pre>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-nonenglish"></a>5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?</h2>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux is distributed with keymaps for nearly two dozen keyboards,
-and with utilities (in the <samp>kbd</samp> package) to install, view, and
-modify the tables.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The installation prompts the user to specify the keyboard he will use.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Vast majority of the software we packaged supports entering non-US-ASCII
-characters used in other Latin languages (e.g. ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-2), and
-a number of programs support multi-byte languages such as Japanese or Chinese.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Currently, support for German-, Spanish-, Finnish-, French-, Hungarian-,
-Italian-, Japanese-, Korean-, Dutch-, Polish-, Portuguese-, Russian-, Turkish-,
-and Chinese-language manual pages is provided through the
-<samp>manpages-LANG</samp> packages (where LANG is the two-letter ISO country
-code). To access an NLS manual page, the user must set the shell LC_MESSAGES
-variable to the appropriate string.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, in the case of the Italian-language manual pages, LC_MESSAGES
-needs to be set to 'italian'. The <code>man</code> program will then search
-for Italian manual pages under <samp>/usr/share/man/it/</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-pine"></a>5.10 Where is pine?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Due to its restrictive license, it's in the non-free area. Moreover, since
-license does not even allow modified binaries to be distributed, you have to
-compile it yourself from the source and the Debian patches.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The source package name is <code>pine</code>. You can use the
-<code>pine-tracker</code> package to be notified about when you need to
-upgrade.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Note that there are many replacements for both pine and pico, such as
-<code>mutt</code> and <code>nano</code>, that are located in the main section.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-qmail"></a>5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Dan J. Bernstein used to distribute <code><a
-href="http://cr.yp.to/software.html">all software he has written</a></code>
-with a restrictive license which does not allow modified binaries to be
-distributed. In november 2007 however, Bernstein said "[...] i have
-decided to put all of my future and [...] past software into the public
-domain". See <code><a href="http://cr.yp.to/distributors.html">FAQ from
-distributors</a></code> for his distribution terms.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-As of 2008-04, <code>daemontools</code>, <code>djbdns</code> and
-<code>ucspi-tcp</code> are shipped with Debian lenny (in main). As of this
-writing (2008-04), <code>qmail</code> is not yet packaged for Debian main; see
-<code><a href="http://bugs.debian.org/457318">Bug #457318 (ITP
-qmail)</a></code> for the current status.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-As of 2008-04, <samp>publicfile</samp> and <samp>ezmlm</samp> were still not
-free software. For <samp>ezmlm</samp>, there's the <code>ezmlm-src</code>
-package in the non-free area.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-flash"></a>5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian ships both <code>gnash</code> and <code>swfdec</code>: two free SWF
-movie players.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-googleearth"></a>5.13 Where is Google Earth?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Google Earth is available for GNU/Linux from Google's web site, but is not only
-not Free Software, but is completely undistributable by a third party.
-However, <code>googleearth-package</code> (in the contrib-section) might be
-helpful in using this software.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-voip"></a>5.14 Where is VoIP software?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Two main open protocols are used for Voice Over IP: SIP and H.323. Both are
-implemented by a wide variety of software in Debian main. <code>ekiga</code>
-is one of the popular clients.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-nonfreewireless"></a>5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Buy one which does :)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Alternatively, use <code>ndiswrapper</code> to use a driver for Windows (if you
-have one) on your Linux system. See the <code><a
-href="http://wiki.debian.org/NdisWrapper">Debian Wiki ndiswapper
-page</a></code> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ 5 ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-support"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ 12 ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 12 - Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-debiandocs"></a>12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?</h2>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Installation instructions for the current release: see <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux reference covers many aspects of system administration
-through shell-command examples. Basic tutorials, tips, and other information
-are provided for many different topics ranging from system administration to
-programming.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Get it from the <code>debian-reference</code> package, or at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference">http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-The Debian Policy manual documents the policy requirements for the
-distribution, i.e. the structure and contents of the Debian archive, several
-design issues of the operating system etc. It also includes the technical
-requirements that each package must satisfy to be included in the distribution,
-and documents the basic technical aspects of Debian binary and source packages.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Get it from the <code>debian-policy</code> package, or at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#policy">http://www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#policy</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Documentation developed by the Debian Documentation Project. It is available
-at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/doc/">http://www.debian.org/doc/</a></code> and
-includes user guides, administration guides and security guides for the Debian
-GNU/Linux operating system.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Documentation on installed Debian packages: Most packages have files that are
-unpacked into <samp>/usr/share/doc/PACKAGE</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Documentation on the Linux project: The Debian package <code>doc-linux</code>
-installs all of the most recent versions of the HOWTOs and mini-HOWTOs from the
-<code><a href="http://www.tldp.org/">Linux Documentation Project</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Unix-style `man' pages: Most commands have manual pages written in the style of
-the original Unix 'man' files. For instance, to see the manual page for the
-command `ls', execute <samp>man ls</samp>. Execute <samp>man man</samp> for
-more information on finding and viewing manual pages.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-New Debian users should note that the 'man' pages of many general system
-commands are not available until they install these packages:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<samp>man-db</samp>, which contains the <samp>man</samp> program itself, and
-other programs for manipulating the manual pages.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<samp>manpages</samp>, which contains the system manual pages. (see <a
-href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish">How does Debian support non-English
-languages?, Section 5.9</a>).
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-GNU-style `info' pages: User documentation for many commands, particularly GNU
-tools, is available not in `man' pages, but in `info' files which can be read
-by the GNU tool <samp>info</samp>, by running <samp>M-x info</samp> within GNU
-Emacs, or with some other Info page viewer.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Its main advantage over the original `man' pages are that it is a hypertext
-system. It does <em>not</em> require the WWW, however; <samp>info</samp> can
-be run from a plain text console. It was designed by Richard Stallman and
-preceded the WWW.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-Note that you may access a lot of documentation on your system by using a WWW
-browser, through `dwww', `dhelp' or `doccentral' commands, found in respective
-packages, or by using `yelp'.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-onlineresources"></a>12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. In fact, the main method of support Debian provides to our users is by
-the way of e-mail. We'll give some details on that, and mention some other
-useful resources. Even more resources are listed at the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/support">Debian Support webpage</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s12.2.1"></a>12.2.1 Mailing lists</h3>
-
-<p>
-There are a lot of <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/">Debian-related mailing
-lists</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-On a system with the <code>doc-debian</code> package installed there is a
-complete list of mailing lists in
-<code>/usr/share/doc/debian/mailing-lists.txt</code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian mailing lists are named following the pattern
-debian-<var>list-subject</var>. Examples are debian-announce, debian-user,
-debian-news. To subscribe to any list debian-<var>list-subject</var>, send
-mail to debian-<var>list-subject</var>-request at lists.debian.org with the word
-"subscribe" in the Subject: header. Be sure to remember to add
-<em>-request</em> to the e-mail address when using this method to subscribe or
-unsubscribe. Otherwise your e-mail will go to the list itself, which could be
-embarrassing or annoying, depending on your point of view.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You can subscribe to mailing lists using the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe">WWW form</a></code>. You
-can also un-subscribe using a <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/unsubscribe">WWW form</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The list manager's e-mail address is <code><a
-href="mailto:listmaster at lists.debian.org">listmaster at lists.debian.org</a></code>,
-in case you have any trouble.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The mailing lists are public forums. All e-mails sent to the lists are also
-copied to the public archive, for anybody (even non-subscribers) to browse or
-search. Please make sure you never send any confidential or unlicensed
-material to the lists. This includes things like e-mail addresses. Of
-particular note is the fact that spammers have been known to abuse e-mail
-addresses posted to our mailing lists. See the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/index.en.html#disclaimer">Mailing
-Lists Privacy policy</a></code> for more information.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Archives of the Debian mailing lists are available via WWW at <code><a
-href="http://lists.debian.org/">http://lists.debian.org/</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h4><a name="s-mailinglistconduct"></a>12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?</h4>
-
-<p>
-When using the Debian mailing lists, please follow these rules:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Do not send spam. See the <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/#ads">Debian mailing list advertising
-policy</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Do not flame; it is not polite. The people developing Debian are all
-volunteers, donating their time, energy and money in an attempt to bring the
-Debian project together.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Do not use foul language; besides, some people receive the lists via packet
-radio, where swearing is illegal.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Make sure that you are using the proper list. <em>Never</em> post your
-(un)subscription requests to the mailing list itself[<a
-href="footnotes.en.html#f7" name="fr7">7</a>]
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-See section <a href="#s-bugreport">How do I report a bug in Debian?, Section
-12.5</a> for notes on reporting bugs.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s12.2.2"></a>12.2.2 Web forums</h3>
-
-<p>
-<code><a href="http://debianhelp.org/">debianHELP</a></code> and <code><a
-href="http://forums.debian.net/">Debian User Forums</a></code> are web forums
-on which you can submit questions about Debian and have them answered by other
-users. (These are not officially part of the Debian project.)
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s12.2.3"></a>12.2.3 Wiki</h3>
-
-<p>
-Solutions to common problems, howto's, guides, tips and other documentation can
-be found at the constantly changing <code><a
-href="http://wiki.debian.org/">Debian Wiki</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s12.2.4"></a>12.2.4 Maintainers</h3>
-
-<p>
-Users can address questions to individual package maintainers using e-mail. To
-reach a maintainer of a package called xyz, send e-mail to
-<em>xyz at packages.debian.org</em>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s12.2.5"></a>12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups</h3>
-
-<p>
-Users should post non-Debian-specific questions to one of the Linux USENET
-groups, which are named comp.os.linux.* or linux.*. There are several lists of
-Linux Usenet newsgroups and other related resources on the WWW, e.g. on the
-<code><a href="http://www.linux.org/docs/usenet.html">Linux Online</a></code>
-and <code><a
-href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/helpdesk.php">LinuxJournal</a></code> sites.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-searchtools"></a>12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
-
-<p>
-There is a variety of search engines that serve documentation related to
-Debian:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code><a href="http://search.debian.org/">Debian WWW search site</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-<code><a href="http://groups.google.com/">Google Groups</a></code>: a search
-engine for newsgroups.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, to find out what experiences people have had with finding drivers
-for Promise controllers under Debian, try searching on the phrase <samp>Promise
-Linux driver</samp>. This will show you all the postings that contain these
-strings, i.e. those where people discussed these topics. If you add
-<samp>Debian</samp> to those search strings, you'll also get the postings
-specifically related to Debian.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-Any of the common web spidering engines, such as <code><a
-href="http://www.altavista.com/">AltaVista</a></code> or <code><a
-href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a></code>, as long as you use the right
-search terms.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For example, searching on the string "cgi-perl" gives a more detailed
-explanation of this package than the brief description field in its control
-file.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-buglogs"></a>12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Reports on unsolved (and closed) issues are publicly available: Debian
-promissed to do so by stating "We will not hide problems" in the
-<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract">Debian Social
-Contract</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux distribution has a bug tracking system (BTS) which files
-details of bugs reported by users and developers. Each bug is given a number,
-and is kept on file. Once it has been dealt with, it is marked as such.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Copies of this information are available at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/Bugs/">http://www.debian.org/Bugs/</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A mail server provides access to the bug tracking system database via e-mail.
-In order to get the instructions, send an e-mail to request at bugs.debian.org
-with "help" in the body.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-bugreport"></a>12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?</h2>
-
-<p>
-If you have found a bug in Debian, please read the instructions for reporting a
-bug in Debian. These instructions can be obtained in one of several ways:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-From the WWW. A copy of the instructions is shown at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting">http://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting</a></code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-On any Debian system with the <code>doc-debian</code> package installed. The
-instructions are in the file
-<code>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</code>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-By anonymous FTP. Debian mirror sites contain the instructions in the file
-<samp>doc/bug-reporting.txt</samp>.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>
-You can use the package <code>reportbug</code> that will guide you through the
-reporting process and mail the message to the proper address, with some extra
-details about your system added automatically. It will also show you a list of
-bugs already reported to the package you are reporting against in case your bug
-has been reported previously, so that you can add additional information to the
-existing bug report.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Expect to get an automatic acknowledgement of your bug report. It will also be
-automatically given a bug tracking number, entered into the bug log and
-forwarded to the debian-bugs-dist mailing list.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ 12 ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-uptodate"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ 9 ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 9 - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-A Debian goal is to provide a consistent upgrade path and a secure upgrade
-process. We always do our best to make upgrading to new releases a smooth
-procedure. In case there's some important note to add to the upgrade process,
-the packages will alert the user, and often provide a solution to a possible
-problem.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You should also read the Release Notes document that describes the details of
-specific upgrades. It is shipped on all Debian CDs and available on the WWW at
-<code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-howtocurrent"></a>9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?</h2>
-
-<p>
-One could simply execute an anonymous ftp call to a Debian archive, then peruse
-the directories until one finds the desired file, and then fetch it, and
-finally install it using <samp>dpkg</samp>. Note that <samp>dpkg</samp> will
-install upgrade files in place, even on a running system. Sometimes, a revised
-package will require the installation of a newly revised version of another
-package, in which case the installation will fail until/unless the other
-package is installed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Many people find this approach much too time-consuming, since Debian evolves so
-quickly -- typically, a dozen or more new packages are uploaded every week.
-This number is larger just before a new major release. To deal with this
-avalanche, many people prefer to use a more automated method. Several
-different packages are available for this purpose:
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-aptitude-upgrade"></a>9.1.1 aptitude</h3>
-
-<p>
-APT is an advanced interface to the Debian packaging system. It features
-complete installation ordering, multiple source capability and several other
-unique features, see the User's Guide in
-<samp>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</samp> (you will have to
-install the <samp>apt-doc</samp> package).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> is the recommended package manager for Debian GNU/Linux
-systems. It is a text-based interface to APT using the curses library, and can
-be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Before you can use <code>aptitude</code>, you'll have to edit the
-<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up. If you wish to upgrade
-to the latest stable version of Debian, you'll probably want to use a source
-like this one:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-You can replace ftp.us.debian.org with the name of a faster Debian mirror near
-you. See the mirror list at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/list">http://www.debian.org/mirror/list</a></code>
-for more information.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-More details on this can be found in the <code>sources.list(8)</code> manual
-page.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To update your system, run
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- aptitude update
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-followed by
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- aptitude dist-upgrade
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See
-also <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section 8.1.3</a>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-apt"></a>9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom</h3>
-
-<p>
-<code>apt-get</code> is an APT-based command-line tool for handling packages,
-and the APT dselect method is an interface to APT through <code>dselect</code>.
-Both of these provide a simple, safe way to install and upgrade packages.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To use <code>apt-get</code>, install the <code>apt</code> package, and edit the
-<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up, just as for <a
-href="#s-aptitude-upgrade">aptitude, Section 9.1.1</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Then run
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get update
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-followed by
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- apt-get dist-upgrade
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See
-also the <code>apt-get(8)</code> manual page, as well as <a
-href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get">APT, Section 8.1.2</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To use APT with <code>dselect</code>, choose the APT access method in dselect's
-method selection screen (option 0) and then specify the sources that should be
-used. The configuration file is <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>. See also
-<a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect">dselect, Section 8.1.6.1</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If you want to use CDs to install packages, you can use <code>apt-cdrom</code>.
-For details, please see the Release Notes, section "Setting up for an
-upgrade from a local mirror".
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Please note that when you get and install the packages, you'll still have them
-kept in your /var directory hierarchy. To keep your partition from
-overflowing, remember to delete extra files using <samp>apt-get clean</samp>
-and <samp>apt-get autoclean</samp>, or to move them someplace else (hint: use
-<code>apt-move</code>).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-update_aptitude"></a>9.1.3 aptitude</h3>
-
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> is a text-based interface to the Debian package system.
-It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package
-management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages (see <a
-href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section 8.1.3</a>). Actions
-may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-line.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In command line, the actions are similar to that of APT, so to upgrade your
-system run
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- aptitude update
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-followed by
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- aptitude dist-upgrade
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-To upgrade from a preview release, <code>aptitude</code> is the tool
-recommended. Read the Release Notes at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For details, see the manual page <code>aptitude(8)</code>, and the file
-<code>/usr/share/aptitude/README</code>
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-mirror"></a>9.1.4 mirror</h3>
-
-<p>
-This Perl script, and its (optional) manager program called
-<code>mirror-master</code>, can be used to fetch user-specified parts of a
-directory tree from a specified host <em>via</em> anonymous FTP.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<code>mirror</code> is particularly useful for downloading large volumes of
-software. After the first time files have been downloaded from a site, a file
-called <samp>.mirrorinfo</samp> is stored on the local host. Changes to the
-remote file system are tracked automatically by <code>mirror</code>, which
-compares this file to a similar file on the remote system and downloads only
-changed files.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <code>mirror</code> program is generally useful for updating local copies
-of remote directory trees. The files fetched need not be Debian files. (Since
-<code>mirror</code> is a Perl script, it can also run on non-Unix systems.)
-Though the <code>mirror</code> program provides mechanisms for excluding files
-names of which match user-specified strings, this program is most useful when
-the objective is to download whole directory trees, rather than selected
-packages.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h3><a name="s-dpkg-mountable"></a>9.1.5 dpkg-mountable</h3>
-
-<p>
-dpkg-mountable adds an access method called `mountable' to dselect's list,
-which allows you to install from any file system specified in /etc/fstab. For
-example, the archive could be a normal hard disk partition or an NFS server,
-which it will automatically mount and umount for you if necessary.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It also has some extra features not found in the standard dselect methods, such
-as provision for a local file tree (either parallel to the main distribution or
-totally separate), and only getting packages which are required, rather than
-the time-consuming recursive directory scan, as well as logging of all dpkg
-actions in the install method.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-upgradesingle"></a>9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?</h2>
-
-<p>
-No. Packages can be upgraded in place, even in running systems. Debian has a
-<samp>start-stop-daemon</samp> program that is invoked to stop, then restart
-running process if necessary during a package upgrade.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-savedebs"></a>9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?</h2>
-
-<p>
-No. If you have downloaded the files to your disk then after you have
-installed the packages, you can remove them from your system, e.g. by running
-<samp>aptitude clean</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-keepingalog"></a>9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!</h2>
-
-<p>
-Passing the <samp>--log</samp>-option to <code>dpkg</code> makes
-<code>dpkg</code> log status change updates and actions. It logs both the
-<code>dpkg</code>-invokation (e.g.
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- 2005-12-30 18:10:33 install hello 1.3.18 2.1.1-4
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-) and the results (e.g.
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- 2005-12-30 18:10:35 status installed hello 2.1.1-4
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-) If you'd like to log all your <code>dpkg</code> invokations (even those done
-using frontends like <code>aptitude</code>), you could add
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- log /var/log/dpkg.log
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-to your <code>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg</code>. Be sure the created logfile gets
-rotated periodically. If you're using <code>logrotate</code>, this can be
-achieved by creating a file <code>/etc/logrotate.d/dpkg</code> with contents
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- /var/log/dpkg {
- missingok
- notifempty
- }
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-More details on <code>dpkg</code> logging can be found in the
-<code>dpkg(1)</code> manual page.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<code>aptitude</code> logs the package installations, removals, and upgrades
-that it intends to perform to <code>/var/log/aptitude</code>. Note that the
-<em>results</em> of those actions are not recorded in this file!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Another way to record your actions is to run your package management session
-within the <code>script(1)</code> program.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-autoupdate"></a>9.5 Can I automatically update the system?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. You can use <code>cron-apt</code>, this tool updates the system at
-regular interval by using a cron job. By default it just updates the package
-list and download new packages without installing.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Note: Automatic upgrade of packages is <strong>NOT</strong> recommended in
-<em>testing</em> or <em>unstable</em> systems as this might bring unexpected
-behaviour and remove packages without notice.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-aptproxy"></a>9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?</h2>
-
-<p>
-If you have more than one Debian machine on your network, it is useful to use
-<code>apt-proxy</code> to keep all of your Debian systems up-to-date.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<code>apt-proxy</code> reduces the bandwidth requirements of Debian mirrors by
-restricting the frequency of Packages, Releases and Sources file updates from
-the back end and only doing a single fetch for any file, independently of the
-actual request it from the proxy. <code>apt-proxy</code> automatically builds
-a Debian HTTP mirror based on requests which pass through the proxy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more details, see the apt-proxy homepage at <code><a
-href="http://apt-proxy.sourceforge.net/">http://apt-proxy.sourceforge.net/</a></code>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Of course, you can get the same benefit if you are already using a standard
-caching proxy and all your systems are configured to use it.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ 9 ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Footnotes</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href=".en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href=".en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Footnotes</h1>
-
-<h2><a href="ch-software.en.html#fr1" name="f1">1</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-These have been, however, rebranded and are provided with different names due
-to trademark issues
-</p>
-
-<h2><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#fr2" name="f2">2</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-When the present-day sid did not exist, the FTP site organization had one major
-flaw: there was an assumption that when an architecture is created in the
-current unstable, it will be released when that distribution becomes the new
-stable. For many architectures that isn't the case, with the result that those
-directories had to be moved at release time. This was impractical because the
-move would chew up lots of bandwidth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The archive administrators worked around this problem for several years by
-placing binaries for unreleased architectures in a special directory called
-"sid". For those architectures not yet released, the first time they
-were released there was a link from the current stable to sid, and from then on
-they were created inside the unstable tree as normal. This layout was somewhat
-confusing to users.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-With the advent of package pools (see <a href="#s-pools">What's in the
-<samp>pool</samp> directory?, Section 6.10</a>), binary packages began to be
-stored in a canonical location in the pool, regardless of the distribution, so
-releasing a distribution no longer causes large bandwidth consumption on the
-mirrors (there is, however, a lot of gradual bandwidth consumption throughout
-the development process).
-</p>
-
-<h2><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#fr3" name="f3">3</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-<samp>dists/stable/main</samp>, <samp>dists/stable/contrib</samp>,
-<samp>dists/stable/non-free</samp>, and <samp>dists/unstable/main/</samp>, etc.
-</p>
-
-<h2><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#fr4" name="f4">4</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-Historically, packages were kept in the subdirectory of <samp>dists</samp>
-corresponding to which distribution contained them. This turned out to cause
-various problems, such as large bandwidth consumption on mirrors when major
-changes were made. This was fixed with the introduction of the package pool.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The <samp>dists</samp> directories are still used for the index files used by
-programs like <samp>apt</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<h2><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#fr5" name="f5">5</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-Notice that there are ports that make this tool available with other package
-management systems, like Red Hat package manager, also known as
-<code>rpm</code>
-</p>
-
-<h2><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#fr6" name="f6">6</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-Although this can also lead to systems with more packages installed than they
-actually need to work.
-</p>
-
-<h2><a href="ch-support.en.html#fr7" name="f7">7</a></h2>
-
-<p>
-Use the debian-<var>list-subject</var>-REQUEST at lists.debian.org address for
-that.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
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-
-<html>
-
-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ</title>
-
-<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="prev">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="next">
-<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
-<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
-<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
-<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
-<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
-<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
-<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
-<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
-<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
-<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
-<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
-<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
-<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
-<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
-<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
-<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
-<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
-<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="index"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br></h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="abstract"></a>Abstract</h2>
-
-<p>
-This document answers questions frequently asked about Debian GNU/Linux.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="copyright"></a>Copyright Notice</h2>
-
-<p>
-Copyright © 1996-2005 by Software in the Public Interest, portions copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006 Kamaraju Kusumanchi
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this document
-provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all
-copies.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this document
-under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting
-derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to
-this one.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this document into
-another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that
-this permission notice may be included in translations approved by the Free
-Software Foundation instead of in the original English.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="contents"></a>Contents</h2>
-
-<ul>
-<li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1 Definitions and overview</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq">1.1 What is this FAQ?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian">1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux">1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux">1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference">1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu">1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation">1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-getting.en.html">2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version">2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable">2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies">2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom">2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks">2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall">2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller">2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3 Choosing a Debian distribution</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1">3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1">3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2">3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3">3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4">3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5">3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6">3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7">3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8">3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9">3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10">3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11">3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12">3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13">3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?</a>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2">3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1">3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2">3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3">3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?</a>
- </ul></li>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-compat.en.html">4 Compatibility issues</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches">4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs">4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices">4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages">4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs">4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap">4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx">4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls">4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-software.en.html">5 Software available in the Debian system</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps">5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors">5.2 Who wrote all that software?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist">5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv">5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing">5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs">5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-java">5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian">5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish">5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine">5.10 Where is pine?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail">5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash">5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth">5.13 Where is Google Earth?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip">5.14 Where is VoIP software?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless">5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6 The Debian FTP archives</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists">6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames">6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames">6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames">6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?</a>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid">6.3 What about "sid"?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable">6.4 What does the stable directory contain?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing">6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen">6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?</a>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable">6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree">6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections">6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source">6.9 Where is the source code?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools">6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming">6.11 What is "incoming"?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository">6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7 Basics of the Debian package management system</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package">7.1 What is a Debian package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format">7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname">7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile">7.4 What is a Debian control file?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile">7.5 What is a Debian conffile?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts">7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority">7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual">7.8 What is a Virtual Package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends">7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends">7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus">7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold">7.12 How do I put a package on hold?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs">7.13 How do I install a source package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild">7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs">7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8 The Debian package management tools</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs">8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg">8.1.1 dpkg</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get">8.1.2 APT</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude">8.1.3 aptitude</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic">8.1.4 synaptic</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel">8.1.5 tasksel</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra">8.1.6 Other package management tools</a>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning">8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages">8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles">8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch">8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages">8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent">9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade">9.1.1 aptitude</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt">9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude">9.1.3 aptitude</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror">9.1.4 mirror</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable">9.1.5 dpkg-mountable</a>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle">9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs">9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog">9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate">9.5 Can I automatically update the system?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy">9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10 Debian and the kernel</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel">10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel">10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk">10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules">10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel">10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize">11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess">11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont">11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults">11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting">11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts">11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles">11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert">11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages">11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse">11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-support.en.html">12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources">12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1">12.2.1 Mailing lists</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2">12.2.2 Web forums</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3">12.2.3 Wiki</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4">12.2.4 Maintainers</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5">12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups</a>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools">12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs">12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport">12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13 Contributing to the Debian Project</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib">13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources">13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations">13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI">13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF">13.3.2 Free Software Foundation</a>
- </ul></li>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds">14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree">14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro">14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs">14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n">15.1 Extended support for non-English users</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot">15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di">15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches">15.4 More architectures</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels">15.5 More kernels</a>
- </ul></li>
-<li><a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16 General information about the FAQ</a>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">16.1 Authors</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback">16.2 Feedback</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest">16.3 Availability</a></li>
- <li><a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat">16.4 Document format</a></li>
- </ul></li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/index.html b/includes/etch/common/doc/FAQ/html/index.html
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+++ /dev/null
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-index.en.html
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-log-access.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-log-access.txt
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-log-access.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-Methods of accessing the bug tracking system logs
-
-Accessing active bug reports
-
- Each message received at or sent by the bug processing system is
- logged and made available in a number of ways.
-
- The primary access method is to use the web pages. See the forms on
- the main BTS page at http://bugs.debian.org/
-
- There is a mailserver which can send bug reports as plain text on
- request. To use it send the word help as the sole contents of an email
- to request at bugs.debian.org (the Subject of the message is ignored), or
- read the instructions on the World Wide Web or in the file
- bug-log-mailserver.txt.
-
-Accessing archived bug reports
-
- Each closed bug report is archived 28 days after the last message
- relating to it is received and filed. This means that it is no longer
- possible to access it or change anything about it using the control
- and service bots. However, the reports are still accessible for
- viewing.
-
- You can search the bug report archive using the WWW forms at
- http://bugs.debian.org/, simply select the "archived bugs" option.
-
- Note that it doesn't contain the oldest closed bug reports, only those
- after #40000, approximately.
-
-Accessing the raw bug data
-
- If you need to get hold of the raw data used by the bug tracking
- system, you can mirror it using rsync from bugs-mirror.debian.org. The
- relevant modules are bts-spool-db (for the active bug spool),
- bts-spool-archive (for bugs that have been closed for a while and thus
- archived), and bts-spool-index (for the bug index files).
-
- At the time of writing, the active spool is about 2.5GB and the
- archived spool is about 10GB. If you only need a sample for testing
- purposes, please consider downloading only part of the active spool
- rather than the whole thing.
-
- Please do not rely on *.status files in the bug spools, as they are
- obsolete, for compatibility purposes only, and will be removed at some
- point in the future. Use the *.summary files instead.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Debian BTS administrators <owner at bugs.debian.org>
-
- Debian bug tracking system
- Copyright © 1999 Darren O. Benham, 1997, 2003 nCipher Corporation Ltd,
- 1994-1997 Ian Jackson.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-log-mailserver.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-log-mailserver.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 447a059..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-log-mailserver.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-Introduction to the bug system request server
-
- There is a mailserver which can send the bug reports and indices as
- plain text on request.
-
- To use it you send a mail message to request at bugs.debian.org. The
- Subject of the message is ignored, except for generating the Subject
- of the reply.
-
- The body you send should be a series of commands, one per line. You'll
- receive a reply which looks like a transcript of your message being
- interpreted, with a response to each command. No notifications are
- sent to anyone for the commands listed here and the mail isn't logged
- anywhere publicly available.
-
- Any text on a line starting with a hash sign # is ignored; the server
- will stop processing when it finds a line with a control terminator (
- quit, thank you, or two hyphens are common examples). It will also
- stop if it encounters too many unrecognised or badly-formatted
- commands. If no commands are successfully handled it will send the
- help text for the server.
-
-Commands available
-
- send bugnumber
- send-detail bugnumber
- Requests the transcript for the bug report in question.
- send-detail sends all of the "boring" messages in the
- transcript as well, such as the various auto-acks.
-
- index [full]
- index-summary by-package
- index-summary by-number
- Request the full index (with full details, and including done
- and forwarded reports), or the summary sorted by package or by
- number, respectively.
-
- index-maint
- Requests the index page giving the list of maintainers with
- bugs (open and recently-closed) in the tracking system.
-
- index maint maintainer
- Requests the index pages of bugs in the system for the
- maintainer maintainer. The search term is an exact match. The
- bug index will be sent in a separate message.
-
- index-packages
- Requests the index page giving the list of packages with bugs
- (open and recently-closed) in the tracking system.
-
- index packages package
- Requests the index pages of bugs in the system for the package
- package. The search term is an exact match. The bug index will
- be sent in a separate message.
-
- send-unmatched [this|0]
- send-unmatched last|-1
- send-unmatched old|-2
- Requests logs of messages not matched to a particular bug
- report, for this week, last week and the week before. (Each
- week ends on a Wednesday.)
-
- getinfo filename
- Request a file containing information about package(s) and or
- maintainer(s) - the files available are:
-
- maintainers
- The unified list of packages' maintainers, as used by the
- tracking system. This is derived from information in the
- Packages files, override files and pseudo-packages files.
-
- override.distribution
- override.distribution.non-free
- override.distribution.contrib
- override.experimental
- Information about the priorities and sections of packages
- and overriding values for the maintainers. This
- information is used by the process which generates the
- Packages files in the FTP archive. Information is
- available for each of the main distribution trees
- available, by their codewords.
-
- pseudo-packages.description
- pseudo-packages.maintainers
- List of descriptions and maintainers respectively for
- pseudo-packages.
-
- refcard
- Requests that the mailservers' reference card be sent in plain
- ASCII.
-
- help
- Requests that this help document be sent by email in plain
- ASCII.
-
- quit
- stop
- thank
- thanks
- thankyou
- thank you
- --
- Stops processing at this point of the message. After this you
- may include any text you like, and it will be ignored. You can
- use this to include longer comments than are suitable for #,
- for example for the benefit of human readers of your message
- (reading it via the tracking system logs or due to a CC or
- BCC).
-
- #...
- One-line comment. The # must be at the start of the line.
-
- debug level
- Sets the debugging level to level, which should be a
- nonnegative integer. 0 is no debugging; 1 is usually
- sufficient. The debugging output appears in the transcript. It
- is not likely to be useful to general users of the bug system.
-
- There is a reference card for the mailservers, available via the WWW,
- in bug-mailserver-refcard.txt or by email using the refcard command
- (see above).
-
- If you wish to manipulate bug reports you should use the
- control at bugs.debian.org address, which understands a superset of the
- commands listed above. This is described in another document,
- available on the WWW, in the file bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt, or by
- sending help to control at bugs.
-
- In case you are reading this as a plain text file or via email: an
- HTML version is available via the bug system main contents page
- http://www.debian.org/Bugs/.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Debian BTS administrators <owner at bugs.debian.org>
-
- Debian bug tracking system
- Copyright © 1999 Darren O. Benham, 1997, 2003 nCipher Corporation Ltd,
- 1994-1997 Ian Jackson.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-mailserver-refcard.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-mailserver-refcard.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 04a075b..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-mailserver-refcard.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-Mail servers' reference card
-
- Full documentation of the mail servers is available on the WWW, in the
- files bug-log-mailserver.txt and bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt or by
- sending the word help to each mailserver.
-
-Synopsis of commands available at request at bugs.debian.org
-
- * send bugnumber
- * send-detail bugnumber
- * index [full]
- * index-summary by-package
- * index-summary by-number
- * index-maint
- * index maint maintainer
- * index-packages
- * index packages package
- * send-unmatched [this|0]
- * send-unmatched last|-1
- * send-unmatched old|-2
- * getinfo filename (ftp.debian.org/debian/doc/*)
- * help
- * refcard
- * quit|stop|thank...|--...
- * #... (comment)
- * debug level
-
-Synopsis of extra commands available at control at bugs.debian.org
-
- * reassign bugnumber package [ version ]
- * severity bugnumber severity
- * reopen bugnumber [ originator-address | = | ! ]
- * found bugnumber [ version ]
- * notfound bugnumber version
- * submitter bugnumber originator-address | !
- * forwarded bugnumber address
- * notforwarded bugnumber
- * owner bugnumber address | !
- * noowner bugnumber
- * retitle bugnumber new-title
- * clone bugnumber NewID [ new IDs ... ]
- * merge bugnumber bugnumber ...
- * unmerge bugnumber
- * forcemerge bugnumber bugnumber ...
- * tag bugnumber [ + | - | = ] tag [ tag ... ]
- * block bugnumber by bug ...
- * unblock bugnumber by bug ...
- * close bugnumber [ fixed-version ] (deprecated -- you must
- separately tell originator why, see "Closing bug reports" instead)
-
- reopen with = or no originator address leaves the originator as the
- original submitter; ! sets it to you, the person doing the reopen.
-
- Severities are critical, grave, serious, important, normal, minor, and
- wishlist.
-
- Tags currently include patch, wontfix, moreinfo, unreproducible, help,
- pending, fixed, security, upstream, confirmed, fixed-upstream,
- fixed-in-experimental, d-i, ipv6, lfs, l10n, potato, woody, sarge,
- sarge-ignore, etch, etch-ignore, sid, and experimental.
-
-Synopsis of bug submission and followup addresses
-
- * nnn[ -submit | ]
- * nnn-maintonly
- * nnn-quiet
- * nnn-forwarded
- * nnn-request
- * nnn-submitter
- * nnn-done
- * nnn-close
- * nnn-subscribe
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Debian BTS administrators <owner at bugs.debian.org>
-
- Debian bug tracking system
- Copyright © 1999 Darren O. Benham, 1997, 2003 nCipher Corporation Ltd,
- 1994-1997 Ian Jackson.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-maint-info.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-maint-info.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e8b0206..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-maint-info.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,409 +0,0 @@
-Developers' information regarding the bug processing system
-
- Initially, a bug report is submitted by a user as an ordinary mail
- message to submit at bugs.debian.org. This will then be given a number,
- acknowledged to the user, and forwarded to debian-bugs-dist. If the
- submitter included a Package line listing a package with a known
- maintainer the maintainer will get a copy too.
-
- The Subject line will have Bug#nnn: added, and the Reply-To will be
- set to include both the submitter of the report and
- nnn at bugs.debian.org.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- * Closing bug reports
- * Followup messages
- * Severity levels
- * Tags for bug reports
- * Recording that you have passed on a bug report
- * Changing bug ownership
- * Incorrectly listed package maintainers
- * Reopening, reassigning and manipulating bugs
- * Subscribing to bugs
- * More-or-less obsolete subject-scanning feature
- * Obsolete X-Debian-PR: quiet feature
- _________________________________________________________________
-
-Closing bug reports
-
- Debian bug reports should be closed when the problem is fixed.
- Problems in packages can only be considered fixed once a package that
- includes the bug fix enters the Debian archive.
-
- Normally, the only people that should close a bug report are the
- submitter of the bug and the maintainer(s) of the package against
- which the bug is filed. There are exceptions to this rule, for
- example, the bugs filed against unknown packages or certain generic
- pseudo-packages. When in doubt, don't close bugs, first ask for advice
- on the debian-devel mailing list.
-
- Bug reports should be closed by sending email to
- nnn-done at bugs.debian.org. The message body needs to contain an
- explanation of how the bug was fixed.
-
- With the emails received from the bug tracking system, all you need to
- do to close the bug is to make a Reply in your mail reader program and
- edit the To field to say nnn-done at bugs.debian.org instead of
- nnn at bugs.debian.org (nnn-close is provided as an alias for nnn-done).
-
- Where applicable, please supply a Version line in the pseudo-header of
- your message when closing a bug, so that the bug tracking system knows
- which releases of the package contain the fix.
-
- The person closing the bug, the person who submitted it and the
- debian-bugs-closed mailing list will each get a notification about the
- change in status of the report. The submitter and the mailing list
- will also receive the contents of the message sent to nnn-done.
-
-Followup messages
-
- The bug tracking system will include the submitter's address and the
- bug address (nnn at bugs.debian.org) in the Reply-To header after
- forwarding the bug report. Please note that these are two distinct
- addresses.
-
- If a developer wishes to reply to a bug report they should simply
- reply to the message, respecting the Reply-To header. This will not
- close the bug.
-
- The bug tracking system will receive the message at
- nnn at bugs.debian.org, pass it on to the package maintainer, file the
- reply with the rest of the logs for that bug report and forward it to
- debian-bugs-dist.
-
- Sending a message to nnn-submitter at bugs.debian.org will explicitly
- email the submitter of the bug and place a copy in the Bug tracking
- system. The message will not be sent to package maintainer.
-
- If you wish to send a followup message which is not appropriate for
- debian-bugs-dist you can do so by sending it to
- nnn-quiet at bugs.debian.org or nnn-maintonly at bugs.debian.org. Mail to
- nnn-quiet at bugs.debian.org is filed in the Bug Tracking System but is
- not delivered to any individuals or mailing lists. Mail to
- nnn-maintonly at bugs.debian.org is filed in the Bug Tracking System and
- is delivered only to the maintainer of the package in question.
-
- Do not use the "reply to all recipients" or "followup" feature of your
- mailer unless you intend to edit down the recipients substantially. In
- particular, see that you don't send followup messages to
- submit at bugs.debian.org.
-
- For more information about headers to suppress ACK messages and how to
- send carbon copies using the Bug Tracking System, see the instructions
- for reporting bugs.
-
-Severity levels
-
- The bug system records a severity level with each bug report. This is
- set to normal by default, but can be overridden either by supplying a
- Severity line in the pseudo-header when the bug is submitted (see the
- instructions for reporting bugs), or by using the severity command
- with the control request server.
-
- The severity levels are:
-
- critical
- makes unrelated software on the system (or the whole system)
- break, or causes serious data loss, or introduces a security
- hole on systems where you install the package.
-
- grave
- makes the package in question unusable or mostly so, or causes
- data loss, or introduces a security hole allowing access to the
- accounts of users who use the package.
-
- serious
- is a severe violation of Debian policy (roughly, it violates a
- "must" or "required" directive), or, in the package
- maintainer's or release manager's opinion, makes the package
- unsuitable for release.
-
- important
- a bug which has a major effect on the usability of a package,
- without rendering it completely unusable to everyone.
-
- normal
- the default value, applicable to most bugs.
-
- minor
- a problem which doesn't affect the package's usefulness, and is
- presumably trivial to fix.
-
- wishlist
- for any feature request, and also for any bugs that are very
- difficult to fix due to major design considerations.
-
- Certain severities are considered release-critical, meaning the bug
- will have an impact on releasing the package with the stable release
- of Debian. Currently, these are critical, grave and serious. For
- complete and canonical rules on what issues merit these severities,
- see the list of Release-Critical Issues for Lenny.
-
-Tags for bug reports
-
- Each bug can have zero or more of a set of given tags. These tags are
- displayed in the list of bugs when you look at a package's page, and
- when you look at the full bug log.
-
- Tags can be set by supplying a Tags line in the pseudo-header when the
- bug is submitted (see the instructions for reporting bugs), or by
- using the tags command with the control request server. Separate
- multiple tags with commas, spaces, or both.
-
- The current bug tags are:
-
- patch
- A patch or some other easy procedure for fixing the bug is
- included in the bug logs. If there's a patch, but it doesn't
- resolve the bug adequately or causes some other problems, this
- tag should not be used.
-
- wontfix
- This bug won't be fixed. Possibly because this is a choice
- between two arbitrary ways of doing things and the maintainer
- and submitter prefer different ways of doing things, possibly
- because changing the behaviour will cause other, worse,
- problems for others, or possibly for other reasons.
-
- moreinfo
- This bug can't be addressed until more information is provided
- by the submitter. The bug will be closed if the submitter
- doesn't provide more information in a reasonable (few months)
- timeframe. This is for bugs like "It doesn't work". What
- doesn't work?
-
- unreproducible
- This bug can't be reproduced on the maintainer's system.
- Assistance from third parties is needed in diagnosing the cause
- of the problem.
-
- help
- The maintainer is requesting help with dealing with this bug.
-
- pending
- A solution to this bug has been found and an upload will be
- made soon.
-
- fixed
- This bug is fixed or worked around (by a non-maintainer upload,
- for example), but there's still an issue that needs to be
- resolved. This tag replaces the old "fixed" severity.
-
- security
- This bug describes a security problem in a package (e.g., bad
- permissions allowing access to data that shouldn't be
- accessible; buffer overruns allowing people to control a system
- in ways they shouldn't be able to; denial of service attacks
- that should be fixed, etc). Most security bugs should also be
- set at critical or grave severity.
-
- upstream
- This bug applies to the upstream part of the package.
-
- confirmed
- The maintainer has looked at, understands, and basically agrees
- with the bug, but has yet to fix it. (Use of this tag is
- optional; it is intended mostly for maintainers who need to
- manage large numbers of open bugs.)
-
- fixed-upstream
- The bug has been fixed by the upstream maintainer, but not yet
- in the package (for whatever reason: perhaps it is too
- complicated to backport the change or too minor to be worth
- bothering).
-
- fixed-in-experimental
- The bug has been fixed in the package of the experimental
- distribution, but not yet in the unstable distribution.
-
- d-i
- This bug is relevant to the development of debian-installer. It
- is expected that this will be used when the bug affects
- installer development but is not filed against a package that
- forms a direct part of the installer itself.
-
- ipv6
- This bug affects support for Internet Protocol version 6.
-
- lfs
- This bug affects support for large files (over 2 gigabytes).
-
- l10n
- This bug is relevant to the localisation of the package.
-
- potato
- This bug particularly applies to the potato release of Debian.
-
- woody
- This bug particularly applies to the woody distribution.
-
- sarge
- This bug should not be archived until it is fixed in sarge.
-
- sarge-ignore
- This release-critical bug is to be ignored for the purposes of
- releasing sarge. This tag should only be used by the release
- manager; do not set it yourself without explicit authorization
- from them.
-
- etch
- This bug should not be archived until it is fixed in etch.
-
- etch-ignore
- This release-critical bug is to be ignored for the purposes of
- releasing etch. This tag should only be used by the release
- manager; do not set it yourself without explicit authorization
- from them.
-
- lenny
- This bug should not be archived until it is fixed in lenny.
-
- lenny-ignore
- This release-critical bug is to be ignored for the purposes of
- releasing lenny. This tag should only be used by the release
- manager(s); do not set it yourself without explicit
- authorization from them.
-
- sid
- This bug should not be archived until it is fixed in sid.
-
- experimental
- This bug should not be archived until it is fixed in
- experimental.
-
- The meanings of the latter 8 tags have changed recently; the ignore
- tags ignore the bug for the purpose of a testing propagation. The
- release tags, which used to only indicate which bugs affected a
- specific release, now indicate when a bug can be archived, and are
- otherwise ignored by the BTS. However, they may be utilized by other
- tools like the testing propagation scripts.
-
-Recording that you have passed on a bug report
-
- When a developer forwards a bug report to the developer of the
- upstream source package from which the Debian package is derived, they
- should note this in the bug tracking system as follows:
-
- Make sure that the To field of your message to the author has only the
- author(s) address(es) in it; put the person who reported the bug,
- nnn-forwarded at bugs.debian.org and nnn at bugs.debian.org in the CC field.
-
- Ask the author to preserve the CC to nnn-forwarded at bugs.debian.org
- when they reply, so that the bug tracking system will file their reply
- with the original report. These messages are only filed and are not
- sent on; to send a message as normal, send them to nnn at bugs.debian.org
- as well.
-
- When the bug tracking system gets a message at nnn-forwarded it will
- mark the relevant bug as having been forwarded to the address(es) in
- the To field of the message it gets, if the bug is not already marked
- as forwarded.
-
- You can also manipulate the "forwarded to" information by sending
- messages to control at bugs.debian.org.
-
-Changing bug ownership
-
- In cases where the person responsible for fixing a bug is not the
- assigned maintainer for the associated package (for example, when the
- package is maintained by a team), it may be useful to record this fact
- in the bug tracking system. To help with this, each bug may optionally
- have an owner.
-
- The owner can be set by supplying an Owner line in the pseudo-header
- when the bug is submitted (see the instructions for reporting bugs),
- or by using the owner and noowner commands with the control request
- server.
-
-Incorrectly listed package maintainers
-
- If the maintainer of a package is listed incorrectly, this is usually
- because the maintainer has changed recently, and the new maintainer
- hasn't yet uploaded a new version of the package with a changed
- Maintainer control file field. This will be fixed when the package is
- uploaded; alternatively, the archive maintainers can override the
- maintainer record of a package manually, for example if a rebuild and
- reupload of the package is not expected to be needed soon. Contact
- override-change at debian.org for changes to the override file.
-
-Reopening, reassigning and manipulating bugs
-
- It is possible to reassign bug reports to other packages, to reopen
- erroneously-closed ones, to modify the information saying to where, if
- anywhere, a bug report has been forwarded, to change the severities
- and titles of reports, to set the ownership of bugs, to merge and
- unmerge bug reports, and to record the versions of packages in which
- bugs were found and in which they were fixed. This is done by sending
- mail to control at bugs.debian.org.
-
- The format of these messages is described in another document
- available on the World Wide Web or in the file
- bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt. A plain text version can also be obtained
- by mailing the word help to the server at the address above.
-
-Subscribing to bugs
-
- The bug tracking system also allows bug submitters, developers and
- other interested third parties to subscribe to individual bugs. This
- feature can be used by those wishing to keep an eye on a bug, without
- having to subscribe to a package through the PTS. All messages that
- are received at nnn at bugs.debian.org, are sent to subscribers.
-
- Subscribing to a bug can be done by sending an email to
- nnn-subscribe at bugs.debian.org. The subject and body of the email are
- ignored by the BTS. Once this message is processed, users are sent a
- confirmation message that they will need to reply to before they are
- sent the messages relating to that bug.
-
- It is also possible to unsubscribe from a bug. Unsubscribing can be
- done by sending an email to nnn-unsubscribe at bugs.debian.org. The
- subject and body of the email are again ignored by the BTS. Users will
- be sent a confirmation message which they must reply to if they wish
- to be unsubscribed from the bug.
-
- By default, the address subscribed is the one found in the From
- header. If you wish to subscribe another address to a bug, you will
- need to encode the address to be subscribed into the subscription
- message. This takes the form of:
- nnn-subscribe-localpart=example.com at bugs.debian.org. That example
- would send localpart at example.com a subscription message for bug nnn.
- The @ sign must be encoded by changing it to an = sign. Similarly, an
- unsubscription takes the form
- nnn-unsubscribe-localpart=example.com at bugs.debian.org. In both cases,
- the subject and body of the email will be forwarded to the email
- address within the request for confirmation.
-
-More-or-less obsolete subject-scanning feature
-
- Messages that arrive at submit or bugs whose Subject starts Bug#nnn
- will be treated as having been sent to nnn at bugs.debian.org. This is
- both for backwards compatibility with mail forwarded from the old
- addresses, and to catch followup mail sent to submit by mistake (for
- example, by using reply to all recipients).
-
- A similar scheme operates for maintonly, done, quiet and forwarded,
- which treat mail arriving with a Subject tag as having been sent to
- the corresponding nnn-whatever at bugs.debian.org address.
-
- Messages arriving at plain forwarded and done -- ie, with no bug
- report number in the address -- and without a bug number in the
- Subject will be filed under "junk" and kept for a few weeks, but
- otherwise ignored.
-
-Obsolete X-Debian-PR: quiet feature
-
- It used to be possible to prevent the bug tracking system from
- forwarding anywhere messages it received at debian-bugs, by putting an
- X-Debian-PR: quiet line in the actual mail header.
-
- This header line is now ignored. Instead, send your message to quiet
- or nnn-quiet (or maintonly or nnn-maintonly).
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Debian BTS administrators <owner at bugs.debian.org>
-
- Debian bug tracking system
- Copyright © 1999 Darren O. Benham, 1997, 2003 nCipher Corporation Ltd,
- 1994-1997 Ian Jackson.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a0b7c9e..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,390 +0,0 @@
-Introduction to the bug control and manipulation mailserver
-
- Just as request at bugs.debian.org allows the retrieval of bug data and
- documentation by email, control at bugs.debian.org allows bug reports to
- be manipulated in various ways.
-
- The control server works just like the request server, except that it
- has some additional commands; in fact, it's the same program. The two
- addresses are only separated to avoid users making mistakes and
- causing problems while merely trying to request information.
-
- Since the commands specific to the control server actually change the
- status of a bug, a notification about processing the commands is sent
- to the maintainer of the package(s) the changed bugs are assigned to.
- Additionally the mail to the server and the resulting changes are
- logged in the bug report and thereby available in the WWW pages.
-
- Please see the introduction to the request server available on the
- World Wide Web, in the file bug-log-mailserver.txt, or by sending help
- to either mailserver, for details of the basics of operating the
- mailservers and the common commands available when mailing either
- address.
-
- The reference card for the mailservers is available via the WWW, in
- bug-mailserver-refcard.txt or by email using the refcard command.
-
-Commands available at the control mailserver
-
- General Versioning Duplicates Misc.
-
- reassign
- severity
- tag
- retitle
- submitter
-
- found | notfound
- fixed | notfixed
- reopen
-
- merge | unmerge
- forcemerge
- clone
-
- thanks
- #
- forwarded | notforwarded
- owner | noowner
- block | unblock
- archive | unarchive
-
- reassign bugnumber package [ version ]
- Records that bug #bugnumber is a bug in package. This can be
- used to set the package if the user forgot the pseudo-header,
- or to change an earlier assignment. No notifications are sent
- to anyone (other than the usual information in the processing
- transcript).
-
- If you supply a version, the bug tracking system will note that
- the bug affects that version of the newly-assigned package.
-
- You can assign a bug to two packages at once by separating the
- package names with a comma. However, you should only do this if
- the bug can be fixed by a change to either package. If this is
- not the case, you should clone the bug and reassign the clone
- to the other package.
-
- reopen bugnumber [ originator-address | = | ! ]
- Reopens #bugnumber if it is closed.
-
- By default, or if you specify =, the original submitter is
- still as the originator of the report, so that they will get
- the ack when it is closed again.
-
- If you supply an originator-address the originator will be set
- to the address you supply. If you wish to become the new
- originator of the reopened report you can use the ! shorthand
- or specify your own email address.
-
- It is usually a good idea to tell the person who is about to be
- recorded as the originator that you're reopening the report, so
- that they will know to expect the ack which they'll get when it
- is closed again.
-
- If the bug is not closed then reopen won't do anything, not
- even change the originator. To change the originator of an open
- bug report, use the submitter command; note that this will
- inform the original submitter of the change.
-
- If the bug was recorded as being closed in a particular version
- of a package but recurred in a later version, it is better to
- use the found command instead.
-
- found bugnumber [ version ]
- Record that #bugnumber has been encountered in the given
- version of the package to which it is assigned.
-
- The bug tracking system uses this information, in conjunction
- with fixed versions recorded when closing bugs, to display
- lists of bugs open in various versions of each package. It
- considers a bug to be open when it has no fixed version, or
- when it has been found more recently than it has been fixed.
-
- If no version is given, then the list of fixed versions for the
- bug is cleared. This is identical to the behaviour of reopen.
-
- This command will only cause a bug to be marked as not done if
- no version is specified, or if the version being marked found
- is equal to the version which was last marked fixed. (If you
- are certain that you want the bug marked as not done, use
- reopen in conjunction with found.)
-
- This command was introduced in preference to reopen because it
- was difficult to add a version to that command's syntax without
- suffering ambiguity.
-
- notfound bugnumber version
- Remove the record that #bugnumber was encountered in the given
- version of the package to which it is assigned.
-
- This differs from closing the bug at that version in that the
- bug is not listed as fixed in that version either; no
- information about that version will be known. It is intended
- for fixing mistakes in the record of when a bug was found.
-
- fixed bugnumber version
- Indicate that bug #bugnumber was fixed in the given version of
- the package to which it is assigned.
-
- This does not cause the bug to be marked as closed, it merely
- adds another version in which the bug was fixed. Use the
- bugnumber-done address to close a bug and mark it fixed in a
- particular version.
-
- notfixed bugnumber version
- Remove the record that bug #bugnumber has been fixed in the
- given version.
-
- This command is equivalent to found followed by notfound (the
- found removes the fixed at a particular version, and notfound
- removes the found.)
-
- submitter bugnumber originator-address | !
- Changes the originator of #bugnumber to originator-address.
-
- If you wish to become the new originator of the report you can
- use the ! shorthand or specify your own email address.
-
- While the reopen command changes the originator of other bugs
- merged with the one being reopened, submitter does not affect
- merged bugs.
-
- forwarded bugnumber address
- Notes that bugnumber has been forwarded to the upstream
- maintainer at address. This does not actually forward the
- report. This can be used to change an existing incorrect
- forwarded-to address, or to record a new one for a bug that
- wasn't previously noted as having been forwarded.
-
- notforwarded bugnumber
- Forgets any idea that bugnumber has been forwarded to any
- upstream maintainer. If the bug was not recorded as having been
- forwarded then this will do nothing.
-
- retitle bugnumber new-title
- Changes the title of a bug report to that specified (the
- default is the Subject mail header from the original report).
-
- Unlike most of the other bug-manipulation commands when used on
- one of a set of merged reports this will change the title of
- only the individual bug requested, and not all those with which
- it is merged.
-
- severity bugnumber severity
- Set the severity level for bug report #bugnumber to severity.
- No notification is sent to the user who reported the bug.
-
- Severities are critical, grave, serious, important, normal,
- minor, and wishlist.
-
- For their meanings please consult the general developers'
- documentation for the bug system.
-
- clone bugnumber NewID [ new IDs ... ]
- The clone control command allows you to duplicate a bug report.
- It is useful in the case where a single report actually
- indicates that multiple distinct bugs have occurred. "New IDs"
- are negative numbers, separated by spaces, which may be used in
- subsequent control commands to refer to the newly duplicated
- bugs. A new report is generated for each new ID.
-
- Example usage:
-
- clone 12345 -1 -2
- reassign -1 foo
- retitle -1 foo: foo sucks
- reassign -2 bar
- retitle -2 bar: bar sucks when used with foo
- severity -2 wishlist
- clone 123456 -3
- reassign -3 foo
- retitle -3 foo: foo sucks
- merge -1 -3
-
- merge bugnumber bugnumber ...
- Merges two or more bug reports. When reports are merged
- opening, closing, marking or unmarking as forwarded and
- reassigning any of the bugs to a new package will have an
- identical effect on all of the merged reports.
-
- Before bugs can be merged they must be in exactly the same
- state: either all open or all closed, with the same
- forwarded-to upstream author address or all not marked as
- forwarded, all assigned to the same package or package(s) (an
- exact string comparison is done on the package to which the bug
- is assigned), and all of the same severity. If they don't start
- out in the same state you should use reassign, reopen and so
- forth to make sure that they are before using merge. Titles are
- not required to match, and will not be affected by the merge.
- Tags are not required to match, either, they will be joined.
-
- If any of the bugs listed in a merge command is already merged
- with another bug then all the reports merged with any of the
- ones listed will all be merged together. Merger is like
- equality: it is reflexive, transitive and symmetric.
-
- Merging reports causes a note to appear on each report's logs;
- on the WWW pages this is includes links to the other bugs.
-
- Merged reports are all expired simultaneously, and only when
- all of the reports each separately meet the criteria for
- expiry.
-
- forcemerge bugnumber bugnumber ...
- Forcibly merges two or more bug reports. The first bug listed
- is the master bug, and its settings (the settings which must be
- equal in a normal merge) are assigned to the bugs listed next.
- To avoid typos erroneously merging bugs, bugs must be in the
- same package. See the text above for a description of what
- merging means.
-
- Note that this makes it possible to close bugs by merging; you
- are responsible for notifying submitters with an appropriate
- close message if you do this.
-
- unmerge bugnumber
- Disconnects a bug report from any other reports with which it
- may have been merged. If the report listed is merged with
- several others then they are all left merged with each other;
- only their associations with the bug explicitly named are
- removed.
-
- If many bug reports are merged and you wish to split them into
- two separate groups of merged reports you must unmerge each
- report in one of the new groups separately and then merge them
- into the required new group.
-
- You can only unmerge one report with each unmerge command; if
- you want to disconnect more than one bug simply include several
- unmerge commands in your message.
-
- tags bugnumber [ + | - | = ] tag [ tag ... ]
- Sets tags for the bug report #bugnumber. No notification is
- sent to the user who reported the bug. Setting the action to +
- means to add each given tag, - means to remove each given tag,
- and = means to ignore the current tags and set them afresh to
- the list provided. The default action is adding.
-
- Example usage:
-
- # same as 'tags 123456 + patch'
- tags 123456 patch
-
- # same as 'tags 123456 + help security'
- tags 123456 help security
-
- # add 'fixed' and 'pending' tags
- tags 123456 + fixed pending
-
- # remove 'unreproducible' tag
- tags 123456 - unreproducible
-
- # set tags to exactly 'moreinfo' and 'unreproducible'
- tags 123456 = moreinfo unreproducible
-
- Available tags currently include patch, wontfix, moreinfo,
- unreproducible, help, pending, fixed, fixed-in-experimental,
- fixed-upstream, security, upstream, confirmed, d-i, ipv6, lfs,
- l10n, potato, woody, sarge, sarge-ignore, etch, etch-ignore,
- sid, and experimental.
-
- For their meanings please consult the general developers'
- documentation for the bug system.
-
- block bugnumber by bug ...
- Note that the fix for the first bug is blocked by the other
- listed bugs.
-
- unblock bugnumber by bug ...
- Note that the fix for the first bug is no longer blocked by the
- other listed bugs.
-
- close bugnumber [ fixed-version ] (deprecated)
- Close bug report #bugnumber.
-
- A notification is sent to the user who reported the bug, but
- (in contrast to mailing bugnumber-done at bugs.debian.org) the
- text of the mail which caused the bug to be closed is not
- included in that notification. The maintainer who closes a
- report needs to ensure, probably by sending a separate message,
- that the user who reported the bug knows why it is being
- closed. The use of this command is therefore deprecated. See
- the developer's information about how to close a bug properly.
-
- If you supply a fixed-version, the bug tracking system will
- note that the bug was fixed in that version of the package.
-
- package [ packagename ... ]
- Limits the following commands so that they will only apply to
- bugs filed against the listed packages. You can list one or
- more packages. If you don't list any packages, the following
- commands will apply to all bugs. You're encouraged to use this
- as a safety feature in case you accidentally use the wrong bug
- numbers.
-
- Example usage:
-
- package foo
- reassign 123456 bar 1.0-1
-
- package bar
- retitle 123456 bar: bar sucks
- severity 123456 normal
-
- package
- severity 234567 wishlist
-
- owner bugnumber address | !
- Sets address to be the "owner" of #bugnumber. The owner of a
- bug claims responsibility for fixing it. This is useful to
- share out work in cases where a package has a team of
- maintainers.
-
- If you wish to become the owner of the bug yourself, you can
- use the ! shorthand or specify your own email address.
-
- noowner bugnumber
- Forgets any idea that the bug has an owner other than the usual
- maintainer. If the bug had no owner recorded then this will do
- nothing.
-
- archive bugnumber
- Archives a bug that had been archived at some point in the past
- but is currently not archived if the bug fulfills the
- requirements for archival, ignoring time.
-
- unarchive bugnumber
- Unarchives a bug that was previously archived. Unarchival
- should generally be coupled with reopen and found/fixed as
- appropriate. Bugs that have been unarchived can be archived
- using archive assuming the non-time based archival requirements
- are met.
-
- #...
- One-line comment. The # must be at the start of the line. The
- text of comments will be included in the acknowledgement sent
- to the sender and to affected maintainers, so you can use this
- to document the reasons for your commands.
-
- quit
- stop
- thank
- thanks
- thankyou
- thank you
- --
- On a line by itself, in any case, possibly followed by
- whitespace, tells the control server to stop processing the
- message; the remainder of the message can include explanations,
- signatures or anything else, none of it will be detected by the
- control server.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Debian BTS administrators <owner at bugs.debian.org>
-
- Debian bug tracking system
- Copyright © 1999 Darren O. Benham, 1997, 2003 nCipher Corporation Ltd,
- 1994-1997 Ian Jackson.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-reporting.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-reporting.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 974eb20..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/bug-reporting.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,362 +0,0 @@
-How to report a bug in Debian using reportbug
-
- We strongly recommend that you report bugs in Debian using the
- reportbug program. To install and start it, simply run:
-
- aptitude install reportbug; reportbug
-
- It will guide you through the bug reporting process step by step.
-
- If you have questions that the interactive prompts of reportbug do not
- resolve, you can refer to the rest of the documentation below or ask
- the Debian user mailing list.
-
-How to report a bug in Debian using email (and advanced usage of reportbug)
-
-Important things to note before sending your bug report
-
-What package does your bug report belong to?
-
- You need to know what package your bug report should be filed against.
- See this example for information on how to find this information. (You
- will use this information to see if your bug report has been filed
- already.)
-
- If you are unable to determine which package your bug report should be
- filed against, please send e-mail to the Debian user mailing list
- asking for advice.
-
- If your problem doesn't relate just to one package but some general
- Debian service, there are several pseudo-packages or even mailing
- lists that you can use to relay your message to us instead.
-
-Has your bug report been filed already?
-
- You should check to see if your bug report has already been filed
- before submitting it. You can see which bugs have been filed in a
- specific package using the package option of the bug search form. If
- there is an existing bug report #<number>, you should submit your
- comments by sending e-mail to <number>@bugs.debian.org instead of
- reporting a new bug.
-
-Send multiple reports for multiple bugs
-
- Please don't report multiple unrelated bugs -- especially ones in
- different packages -- in a single bug report.
-
-Don't file bugs upstream
-
- If you file a bug in Debian, don't send a copy to the upstream
- software maintainers yourself, as it is possible that the bug exists
- only in Debian. If necessary, the maintainer of the package will
- forward the bug upstream.
-
-Sending the bug report via e-mail
-
- You can report bugs in Debian by sending an e-mail to
- submit at bugs.debian.org with a special format described below.
- reportbug (see above) will properly format the e-mails for you; please
- use it!
-
-Headers
-
- Like any e-mail you should include a clear, descriptive Subject line
- in your main mail header. The subject you give will be used as the
- initial bug title in the tracking system, so please try to make it
- informative!
-
- If you'd like to send a copy of your bug report to additional
- recipients (such as mailing lists), you shouldn't use the usual e-mail
- headers, but a different method, described below.
-
-Pseudo-headers
-
- The first part of the bug report are the pseudo-headers which contain
- information about what package and version your bug report applies to.
- The first line of the message body has to include a pseudo-header. It
- should say:
-Package: <packagename>
-
- Replace <packagename> with the name of the package which has the bug.
-
- The second line of the message should say:
-Version: <packageversion>
-
- Replace <packageversion> with the version of the package. Please don't
- include any text here other than the version itself, as the bug
- tracking system relies on this field to work out which releases are
- affected by the bug.
-
- You need to supply a correct Package line in the pseudo-header in
- order for the bug tracking system to deliver the message to the
- package's maintainer. See this example for information on how to find
- this information.
-
- For other valid pseudo-headers, see Additional pseudo-headers
-
-The body of the report
-
- Please include in your report:
- * The exact and complete text of any error messages printed or
- logged. This is very important!
- * Exactly what you typed or did to demonstrate the problem.
- * A description of the incorrect behavior: exactly what behavior you
- were expecting, and what you observed. A transcript of an example
- session is a good way of showing this.
- * A suggested fix, or even a patch, if you have one.
- * Details of the configuration of the program with the problem.
- Include the complete text of its configuration files.
- * The versions of any packages on which the buggy package depends.
- * What kernel version you're using (type uname -a), your shared C
- library (type ls -l /lib/libc.so.6 or dpkg -s libc6 | grep
- ^Version), and any other details about your Debian system, if it
- seems appropriate. For example, if you had a problem with a Perl
- script, you would want to provide the version of the `perl' binary
- (type perl -v or dpkg -s perl | grep ^Version:).
- * Appropriate details of the hardware in your system. If you're
- reporting a problem with a device driver please list all the
- hardware in your system, as problems are often caused by IRQ and
- I/O address conflicts.
- * If you have reportbug installed the output of reportbug -q
- --template -T none -s none -S normal -b --list-cc none -q
- <package> will also be useful, as it contains the output of
- maintainer specific scripts and version information.
-
- Include any detail that seems relevant -- you are in very little
- danger of making your report too long by including too much
- information. If they are small, please include in your report any
- files you were using to reproduce the problem. (If they are large,
- consider making them available on a publicly available website if
- possible.)
-
- For more advice on how to help the developers solve your problem,
- please read How to Report Bugs Effectively.
-
-An Example Bug Report
-
- A bug report with header and pseudo-header looks something like this:
- To: submit at bugs.debian.org
- From: diligent at testing.linux.org
- Subject: Hello says `goodbye'
-
- Package: hello
- Version: 1.3-16
-
- When I invoke `hello' without arguments from an ordinary shell
- prompt it prints `goodbye', rather than the expected `hello, world'.
- Here is a transcript:
-
- $ hello
- goodbye
- $ /usr/bin/hello
- goodbye
- $
-
- I suggest that the output string, in hello.c, be corrected.
-
- I am using Debian GNU/Linux 2.2, kernel 2.2.17-pre-patch-13
- and libc6 2.1.3-10.
-
-Sending copies of bug reports to other addresses
-
- Sometimes it is necessary to send a copy of a bug report to somewhere
- else besides debian-bugs-dist and the package maintainer, which is
- where they are normally sent.
-
- You could do this by CC'ing your bug report to the other address(es),
- but then the other copies would not have the bug report number put in
- the Reply-To field and the Subject line. When the recipients reply
- they will probably preserve the submit at bugs.debian.org entry in the
- header and have their message filed as a new bug report. This leads to
- many duplicated reports.
-
- The right way to do this is to use the X-Debbugs-CC header. Add a line
- like this to your message's mail header:
- X-Debbugs-CC: other-list at cosmic.edu
-
- This will cause the bug tracking system to send a copy of your report
- to the address(es) in the X-Debbugs-CC line as well as to
- debian-bugs-dist.
-
- Avoid sending such copies to the addresses of other bug reports, as
- they will be caught by the checks that prevent mail loops. There is
- relatively little point in using X-Debbugs-CC for this anyway, as the
- bug number added by that mechanism will just be replaced by a new one;
- use an ordinary CC header instead.
-
- This feature can often be combined usefully with mailing quiet -- see
- below.
-
-Additional Pseudoheaders
-
-Severity levels
-
- If a report is of a particularly serious bug, or is merely a feature
- request, you can set the severity level of the bug as you report it.
- This is not required however, and the package maintainer will assign
- an appropriate severity level to your report even if you do not (or
- pick the wrong severity).
-
- To assign a severity level, put a line like this one in the
- pseudo-header:
-Severity: <severity>
-
- Replace <severity> with one of the available severity levels, as
- described in the advanced documentation.
-
-Assigning tags
-
- You can set tags on a bug as you are reporting it. For example, if you
- are including a patch with your bug report, you may wish to set the
- patch tag. This is not required, however, and the developers will set
- tags on your report as and when it is appropriate.
-
- To set tags, put a line like this one in the pseudo-header:
-Tags: <tags>
-
- Replace <tags> with one or more of the available tags, as described in
- the advanced documentation. Separate multiple tags with commas,
- spaces, or both.
-User: <username>
-Usertags: <usertags>
-
- Replace <usertags> with one or more usertags. Separate multiple tags
- with commas, spaces, or both. If you specify a <username>, that user's
- tags will be set. Otherwise, the e-mail address of the sender will be
- used as the username.
-Forwarded: foo at example.com
-
- will mark the newly submitted bug as forwarded to foo at example.com. See
- Recording that you have passed on a bug report in the developers'
- documentation for details.
-Owner: foo at example.com
-
- will indicate that foo at example.com is now responsible for fixing this
- bug. See Changing bug ownership in the developers' documentation for
- details.
-Source: foopackage
-
- the equivalent of Package: for bugs present in the source package of
- foopackage; for most bugs in most packages you don't want to use this
- option.
-
- Finally, if your MUA doesn't allow you to edit the headers, you can
- set the various X-Debbugs- headers in the pseudo-headers.
-
-Additional information
-
-Different submission addresses (minor or mass bug reports)
-
- If a bug report is minor, for example, a documentation typo or a
- trivial build problem, please adjust the severity appropriately and
- send it to maintonly at bugs.debian.org instead of
- submit at bugs.debian.org. maintonly will forward the report to the
- package maintainer only, it won't forward it to the BTS mailing lists.
-
- If you're submitting many reports at once, you should definitely use
- maintonly at bugs.debian.org so that you don't cause too much redundant
- traffic on the BTS mailing lists. Before submitting many similar bugs
- you may also want to post a summary on debian-bugs-dist.
-
- If wish to report a bug to the bug tracking system that's already been
- sent to the maintainer, you can use quiet at bugs.debian.org. Bugs sent
- to quiet at bugs.debian.org will not be forwarded anywhere, only filed.
-
- When you use different submission addresses, the bug tracking system
- will set the Reply-To of any forwarded message so that the replies
- will by default be processed in the same way as the original report.
- That means that, for example, replies to maintonly will go to
- nnn-maintonly at bugs.debian.org instead of nnn at bugs.debian.org, unless
- of course one overrides this manually.
-
-Acknowledgements
-
- Normally, the bug tracking system will return an acknowledgement to
- you by e-mail when you report a new bug or submit additional
- information to an existing bug. If you want to suppress this
- acknowledgement, include an X-Debbugs-No-Ack header in your e-mail
- (the contents of this header do not matter; however, it must be in the
- mail header and not in the pseudo-header with the Package field). If
- you report a new bug with this header, you will need to check the web
- interface yourself to find the bug number.
-
- Note that this header will not suppress acknowledgements from the
- control at bugs.debian.org mailserver, since those acknowledgements may
- contain error messages which should be read and acted upon.
-
-Bug reports against unknown packages
-
- If the bug tracking system doesn't know who the maintainer of the
- relevant package is it will forward the report to debian-bugs-dist
- even if maintonly was used.
-
- When sending to maintonly at bugs.debian.org or
- nnn-maintonly at bugs.debian.org you should make sure that the bug report
- is assigned to the right package, by putting a correct Package at the
- top of an original submission of a report, or by using the
- control at bugs.debian.org service to (re)assign the report
- appropriately.
-
-Using dpkg to find the package and version for the report
-
- When using reportbug to report a bug in a command, say grep, the
- following will automatically select the right package and let you
- write the report right away: reportbug --file $(which grep)
-
- You can also find out which package installed it by using dpkg
- --search. You can find out which version of a package you have
- installed by using dpkg --list or dpkg --status.
-
- For example:
-$ which apt-get
-/usr/bin/apt-get
-$ type apt-get
-apt-get is /usr/bin/apt-get
-$ dpkg --search /usr/bin/apt-get
-apt: /usr/bin/apt-get
-$ dpkg --list apt
-Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
-| Status=Not/Installed/Config-files/Unpacked/Failed-config/Half-installed
-|/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
-||/ Name Version Description
-+++-==============-==============-============================================
-ii apt 0.3.19 Advanced front-end for dpkg
-$ dpkg --status apt
-Package: apt
-Status: install ok installed
-Priority: standard
-Section: base
-Installed-Size: 1391
-Maintainer: APT Development Team <deity at lists.debian.org>
-Version: 0.3.19
-Replaces: deity, libapt-pkg-doc (<< 0.3.7), libapt-pkg-dev (<< 0.3.7)
-Provides: libapt-pkg2.7
-Depends: libapt-pkg2.7, libc6 (>= 2.1.2), libstdc++2.10
-Suggests: dpkg-dev
-Conflicts: deity
-Description: Advanced front-end for dpkg
- This is Debian's next generation front-end for the dpkg package manager.
- It provides the apt-get utility and APT dselect method that provides a
- simpler, safer way to install and upgrade packages.
- .
- APT features complete installation ordering, multiple source capability
- and several other unique features, see the Users Guide in
- /usr/doc/apt/guide.text.gz
-
-Other useful commands and packages
-
- The querybts tool, available from the same package as reportbug,
- provides a convenient text-based interface to the bug tracking system.
-
- Emacs users can also use the debian-bug command provided by the
- debian-el package. When called with M-x debian-bug, it will ask for
- all necessary information in a similar way to reportbug.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Debian BTS administrators <owner at bugs.debian.org>
-
- Debian bug tracking system
- Copyright © 1999 Darren O. Benham, 1997, 2003 nCipher Corporation Ltd,
- 1994-1997 Ian Jackson.
- _________________________________________________________________
-
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/constitution.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/constitution.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 96ed0c7..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/constitution.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,600 +0,0 @@
- Historical version of the Constitution for the Debian Project (v1.2)
-
- Version 1.2 ratified on October 29th, 2003. Supersedes Version 1.1
- ratified on June 21st, 2003, which itself supersedes Version 1.0
- ratified on December 2nd, 1998. Superseded by version 1.3, ratified on
- September 24th, 2006. That was superceded by the current version, 1.4
- ratified on October 7th, 2007.
-
-1. Introduction
-
- The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made
- common cause to create a free operating system.
-
- This document describes the organisational structure for formal
- decision-making in the Project. It does not describe the goals of the
- Project or how it achieves them, or contain any policies except those
- directly related to the decision-making process.
-
-2. Decision-making bodies and individuals
-
- Each decision in the Project is made by one or more of the following:
- 1. The Developers, by way of General Resolution or an election;
- 2. The Project Leader;
- 3. The Technical Committee and/or its Chairman;
- 4. The individual Developer working on a particular task;
- 5. Delegates appointed by the Project Leader for specific tasks;
- 6. The Project Secretary.
-
- Most of the remainder of this document will outline the powers of these
- bodies, their composition and appointment, and the procedure for their
- decision-making. The powers of a person or body may be subject to
- review and/or limitation by others; in this case the reviewing body or
- person's entry will state this. In the list above, a person or body is
- usually listed before any people or bodies whose decisions they can
- overrule or who they (help) appoint - but not everyone listed earlier
- can overrule everyone listed later.
-
- 2.1. General rules
-
- 1. Nothing in this constitution imposes an obligation on anyone to do
- work for the Project. A person who does not want to do a task which
- has been delegated or assigned to them does not need to do it.
- However, they must not actively work against these rules and
- decisions properly made under them.
- 2. A person may hold several posts, except that the Project Leader,
- Project Secretary and the Chairman of the Technical Committee must
- be distinct, and that the Leader cannot appoint themselves as their
- own Delegate.
- 3. A person may leave the Project or resign from a particular post
- they hold, at any time, by stating so publicly.
-
-3. Individual Developers
-
- 3.1. Powers
-
- An individual Developer may
- 1. make any technical or nontechnical decision with regard to their
- own work;
- 2. propose or sponsor draft General Resolutions;
- 3. propose themselves as a Project Leader candidate in elections;
- 4. vote on General Resolutions and in Leadership elections.
-
- 3.2. Composition and appointment
-
- 1. Developers are volunteers who agree to further the aims of the
- Project insofar as they participate in it, and who maintain
- package(s) for the Project or do other work which the Project
- Leader's Delegate(s) consider worthwhile.
- 2. The Project Leader's Delegate(s) may choose not to admit new
- Developers, or expel existing Developers. If the Developers feel
- that the Delegates are abusing their authority they can of course
- override the decision by way of General Resolution - see §4.1(3),
- §4.2.
-
- 3.3. Procedure
-
- Developers may make these decisions as they see fit.
-
-4. The Developers by way of General Resolution or election
-
- 4.1. Powers
-
- Together, the Developers may:
- 1. Appoint or recall the Project Leader.
- 2. Amend this constitution, provided they agree with a 3:1 majority.
- 3. Override any decision by the Project Leader or a Delegate.
- 4. Override any decision by the Technical Committee, provided they
- agree with a 2:1 majority.
- 5. Issue, supersede and withdraw nontechnical policy documents and
- statements.
- These include documents describing the goals of the project, its
- relationship with other free software entities, and nontechnical
- policies such as the free software licence terms that Debian
- software must meet.
- They may also include position statements about issues of the day.
- 1. A Foundation Document is a document or statement regarded as
- critical to the Project's mission and purposes.
- 2. The Foundation Documents are the works entitled "Debian Social
- Contract" and "Debian Free Software Guidelines".
- 3. A Foundation Document requires a 3:1 majority for its
- supersession. New Foundation Documents are issued and existing
- ones withdrawn by amending the list of Foundation Documents in
- this constitution.
- 6. Together with the Project Leader and SPI, make decisions about
- property held in trust for purposes related to Debian. (See §9.1.)
-
- 4.2. Procedure
-
- 1. The Developers follow the Standard Resolution Procedure, below. A
- resolution or amendment is introduced if proposed by any Developer
- and sponsored by at least K other Developers, or if proposed by the
- Project Leader or the Technical Committee.
- 2. Delaying a decision by the Project Leader or their Delegate:
- 1. If the Project Leader or their Delegate, or the Technical
- Committee, has made a decision, then Developers can override
- them by passing a resolution to do so; see §4.1(3).
- 2. If such a resolution is sponsored by at least 2K Developers,
- or if it is proposed by the Technical Committee, the
- resolution puts the decision immediately on hold (provided
- that resolution itself says so).
- 3. If the original decision was to change a discussion period or
- a voting period, or the resolution is to override the
- Technical Committee, then only K Developers need to sponsor
- the resolution to be able to put the decision immediately on
- hold.
- 4. If the decision is put on hold, an immediate vote is held to
- determine whether the decision will stand until the full vote
- on the decision is made or whether the implementation of the
- original decision will be delayed until then. There is no
- quorum for this immediate procedural vote.
- 5. If the Project Leader (or the Delegate) withdraws the original
- decision, the vote becomes moot, and is no longer conducted.
- 3. Votes are taken by the Project Secretary. Votes, tallies, and
- results are not revealed during the voting period; after the vote
- the Project Secretary lists all the votes cast. The voting period
- is 2 weeks, but may be varied by up to 1 week by the Project
- Leader.
- 4. The minimum discussion period is 2 weeks, but may be varied by up
- to 1 week by the Project Leader. The Project Leader has a casting
- vote. There is a quorum of 3Q.
- 5. Proposals, sponsors, amendments, calls for votes and other formal
- actions are made by announcement on a publicly-readable electronic
- mailing list designated by the Project Leader's Delegate(s); any
- Developer may post there.
- 6. Votes are cast by email in a manner suitable to the Secretary. The
- Secretary determines for each poll whether voters can change their
- votes.
- 7. Q is half of the square root of the number of current Developers. K
- is Q or 5, whichever is the smaller. Q and K need not be integers
- and are not rounded.
-
-5. Project Leader
-
- 5.1. Powers
-
- The Project Leader may:
- 1. Appoint Delegates or delegate decisions to the Technical Committee.
- The Leader may define an area of ongoing responsibility or a
- specific decision and hand it over to another Developer or to the
- Technical Committee.
- Once a particular decision has been delegated and made the Project
- Leader may not withdraw that delegation; however, they may withdraw
- an ongoing delegation of particular area of responsibility.
- 2. Lend authority to other Developers.
- The Project Leader may make statements of support for points of
- view or for other members of the project, when asked or otherwise;
- these statements have force if and only if the Leader would be
- empowered to make the decision in question.
- 3. Make any decision which requires urgent action.
- This does not apply to decisions which have only become gradually
- urgent through lack of relevant action, unless there is a fixed
- deadline.
- 4. Make any decision for whom noone else has responsibility.
- 5. Propose draft General Resolutions and amendments.
- 6. Together with the Technical Committee, appoint new members to the
- Committee. (See §6.2.)
- 7. Use a casting vote when Developers vote.
- The Project Leader also has a normal vote in such ballots.
- 8. Vary the discussion period for Developers' votes (as above).
- 9. Lead discussions amongst Developers.
- The Project Leader should attempt to participate in discussions
- amongst the Developers in a helpful way which seeks to bring the
- discussion to bear on the key issues at hand. The Project Leader
- should not use the Leadership position to promote their own
- personal views.
- 10. Together with SPI, make decisions affecting property held in trust
- for purposes related to Debian. (See §9.1.)
-
- 5.2. Appointment
-
- 1. The Project Leader is elected by the Developers.
- 2. The election begins nine weeks before the leadership post becomes
- vacant, or (if it is too late already) immediately.
- 3. For the following three weeks any Developer may nominate themselves
- as a candidate Project Leader.
- 4. For three weeks after that no more candidates may be nominated;
- candidates should use this time for campaigning (to make their
- identities and positions known). If there are no candidates at the
- end of the nomination period then the nomination period is extended
- for three further weeks, repeatedly if necessary.
- 5. The next three weeks are the polling period during which Developers
- may cast their votes. Votes in leadership elections are kept
- secret, even after the election is finished.
- 6. The options on the ballot will be those candidates who have
- nominated themselves and have not yet withdrawn, plus None Of The
- Above. If None Of The Above wins the election then the election
- procedure is repeated, many times if necessary.
- 7. The decision will be made using the method specified in section
- §A.6 of the Standard Resolution Procedure. The quorum is the same
- as for a General Resolution (§4.2) and the default option is "None
- Of The Above".
- 8. The Project Leader serves for one year from their election.
-
- 5.3. Procedure
-
- The Project Leader should attempt to make decisions which are
- consistent with the consensus of the opinions of the Developers.
-
- Where practical the Project Leader should informally solicit the views
- of the Developers.
-
- The Project Leader should avoid overemphasizing their own point of view
- when making decisions in their capacity as Leader.
-
-6. Technical committee
-
- 6.1. Powers
-
- The Technical Committee may:
- 1. Decide on any matter of technical policy.
- This includes the contents of the technical policy manuals,
- developers' reference materials, example packages and the behaviour
- of non-experimental package building tools. (In each case the usual
- maintainer of the relevant software or documentation makes
- decisions initially, however; see 6.3(5).)
- 2. Decide any technical matter where Developers' jurisdictions
- overlap.
- In cases where Developers need to implement compatible technical
- policies or stances (for example, if they disagree about the
- priorities of conflicting packages, or about ownership of a command
- name, or about which package is responsible for a bug that both
- maintainers agree is a bug, or about who should be the maintainer
- for a package) the technical committee may decide the matter.
- 3. Make a decision when asked to do so.
- Any person or body may delegate a decision of their own to the
- Technical Committee, or seek advice from it.
- 4. Overrule a Developer (requires a 3:1 majority).
- The Technical Committee may ask a Developer to take a particular
- technical course of action even if the Developer does not wish to;
- this requires a 3:1 majority. For example, the Committee may
- determine that a complaint made by the submitter of a bug is
- justified and that the submitter's proposed solution should be
- implemented.
- 5. Offer advice.
- The Technical Committee may make formal announcements about its
- views on any matter. Individual members may of course make informal
- statements about their views and about the likely views of the
- committee.
- 6. Together with the Project Leader, appoint new members to itself or
- remove existing members. (See §6.2.)
- 7. Appoint the Chairman of the Technical Committee.
- The Chairman is elected by the Committee from its members. All
- members of the committee are automatically nominated; the committee
- votes starting one week before the post will become vacant (or
- immediately, if it is already too late). The members may vote by
- public acclamation for any fellow committee member, including
- themselves; there is no default option. The vote finishes when all
- the members have voted, or when the voting period has ended. The
- result is determined using the method specified in section A.6 of
- the Standard Resolution Procedure.
- 8. The Chairman can stand in for the Leader, together with the
- Secretary
- As detailed in §7.1(2), the Chairman of the Technical Committee and
- the Project Secretary may together stand in for the Leader if there
- is no Leader.
-
- 6.2. Composition
-
- 1. The Technical Committee consists of up to 8 Developers, and should
- usually have at least 4 members.
- 2. When there are fewer than 8 members the Technical Committee may
- recommend new member(s) to the Project Leader, who may choose
- (individually) to appoint them or not.
- 3. When there are 5 members or fewer the Technical Committee may
- appoint new member(s) until the number of members reaches 6.
- 4. When there have been 5 members or fewer for at least one week the
- Project Leader may appoint new member(s) until the number of
- members reaches 6, at intervals of at least one week per
- appointment.
- 5. If the Technical Committee and the Project Leader agree they may
- remove or replace an existing member of the Technical Committee.
-
- 6.3. Procedure
-
- 1. The Technical Committee uses the Standard Resolution Procedure.
- A draft resolution or amendment may be proposed by any member of
- the Technical Committee. There is no minimum discussion period; the
- voting period lasts for up to one week, or until the outcome is no
- longer in doubt. Members may change their votes. There is a quorum
- of two.
- 2. Details regarding voting
- The Chairman has a casting vote. When the Technical Committee votes
- whether to override a Developer who also happens to be a member of
- the Committee, that member may not vote (unless they are the
- Chairman, in which case they may use only their casting vote).
- 3. Public discussion and decision-making.
- Discussion, draft resolutions and amendments, and votes by members
- of the committee, are made public on the Technical Committee public
- discussion list. There is no separate secretary for the Committee.
- 4. Confidentiality of appointments.
- The Technical Committee may hold confidential discussions via
- private email or a private mailing list or other means to discuss
- appointments to the Committee. However, votes on appointments must
- be public.
- 5. No detailed design work.
- The Technical Committee does not engage in design of new proposals
- and policies. Such design work should be carried out by individuals
- privately or together and discussed in ordinary technical policy
- and design forums.
- The Technical Committee restricts itself to choosing from or
- adopting compromises between solutions and decisions which have
- been proposed and reasonably thoroughly discussed elsewhere.
- Individual members of the technical committee may of course
- participate on their own behalf in any aspect of design and policy
- work.
- 6. Technical Committee makes decisions only as last resort.
- The Technical Committee does not make a technical decision until
- efforts to resolve it via consensus have been tried and failed,
- unless it has been asked to make a decision by the person or body
- who would normally be responsible for it.
-
-7. The Project Secretary
-
- 7.1. Powers
-
- The Secretary:
- 1. Takes votes amongst the Developers, and determines the number and
- identity of Developers, whenever this is required by the
- constitution.
- 2. Can stand in for the Leader, together with the Chairman of the
- Technical Committee.
- If there is no Project Leader then the Chairman of the Technical
- Committee and the Project Secretary may by joint agreement make
- decisions if they consider it imperative to do so.
- 3. Adjudicates any disputes about interpretation of the constitution.
- 4. May delegate part or all of their authority to someone else, or
- withdraw such a delegation at any time.
-
- 7.2. Appointment
-
- The Project Secretary is appointed by the Project Leader and the
- current Project Secretary.
-
- If the Project Leader and the current Project Secretary cannot agree on
- a new appointment they must ask the board of SPI (see §9.1.) to appoint
- a Secretary.
-
- If there is no Project Secretary or the current Secretary is
- unavailable and has not delegated authority for a decision then the
- decision may be made or delegated by the Chairman of the Technical
- Committee, as Acting Secretary.
-
- The Project Secretary's term of office is 1 year, at which point they
- or another Secretary must be (re)appointed.
-
- 7.3. Procedure
-
- The Project Secretary should make decisions which are fair and
- reasonable, and preferably consistent with the consensus of the
- Developers.
-
- When acting together to stand in for an absent Project Leader the
- Chairman of the Technical Committee and the Project Secretary should
- make decisions only when absolutely necessary and only when consistent
- with the consensus of the Developers.
-
-8. The Project Leader's Delegates
-
- 8.1. Powers
-
- The Project Leader's Delegates:
- 1. have powers delegated to them by the Project Leader;
- 2. may make certain decisions which the Leader may not make directly,
- including approving or expelling Developers or designating people
- as Developers who do not maintain packages. This is to avoid
- concentration of power, particularly over membership as a
- Developer, in the hands of the Project Leader.
-
- 8.2. Appointment
-
- The Delegates are appointed by the Project Leader and may be replaced
- by the Leader at the Leader's discretion. The Project Leader may not
- make the position as a Delegate conditional on particular decisions by
- the Delegate, nor may they override a decision made by a Delegate once
- made.
-
- 8.3. Procedure
-
- Delegates may make decisions as they see fit, but should attempt to
- implement good technical decisions and/or follow consensus opinion.
-
-9. Software in the Public Interest
-
- SPI and Debian are separate organisations who share some goals. Debian
- is grateful for the legal support framework offered by SPI. Debian's
- Developers are currently members of SPI by virtue of their status as
- Developers.
-
- 9.1. Authority
-
- 1. SPI has no authority regarding Debian's technical or nontechnical
- decisions, except that no decision by Debian with respect to any
- property held by SPI shall require SPI to act outside its legal
- authority, and that Debian's constitution may occasionally use SPI
- as a decision body of last resort.
- 2. Debian claims no authority over SPI other than that over the use of
- certain of SPI's property, as described below, though Debian
- Developers may be granted authority within SPI by SPI's rules.
- 3. Debian Developers are not agents or employees of SPI, or of each
- other or of persons in authority in the Debian Project. A person
- acting as a Developer does so as an individual, on their own
- behalf.
-
- 9.2. Management of property for purposes related to Debian
-
- Since Debian has no authority to hold money or property, any donations
- for the Debian Project must be made to SPI, which manages such affairs.
-
- SPI have made the following undertakings:
- 1. SPI will hold money, trademarks and other tangible and intangible
- property and manage other affairs for purposes related to Debian.
- 2. Such property will be accounted for separately and held in trust
- for those purposes, decided on by Debian and SPI according to this
- section.
- 3. SPI will not dispose of or use property held in trust for Debian
- without approval from Debian, which may be granted by the Project
- Leader or by General Resolution of the Developers.
- 4. SPI will consider using or disposing of property held in trust for
- Debian when asked to do so by the Project Leader.
- 5. SPI will use or dispose of property held in trust for Debian when
- asked to do so by a General Resolution of the Developers, provided
- that this is compatible with SPI's legal authority.
- 6. SPI will notify the Developers by electronic mail to a Debian
- Project mailing list when it uses or disposes of property held in
- trust for Debian.
-
-A. Standard Resolution Procedure
-
- These rules apply to communal decision-making by committees and
- plebiscites, where stated above.
-
- A.1. Proposal
-
- The formal procedure begins when a draft resolution is proposed and
- sponsored, as required.
-
- A.1. Discussion and Amendment
-
- 1. Following the proposal, the resolution may be discussed. Amendments
- may be made formal by being proposed and sponsored according to the
- requirements for a new resolution, or directly by the proposer of
- the original resolution.
- 2. A formal amendment may be accepted by the resolution's proposer, in
- which case the formal resolution draft is immediately changed to
- match.
- 3. If a formal amendment is not accepted, or one of the sponsors of
- the resolution does not agree with the acceptance by the proposer
- of a formal amendment, the amendment remains as an amendment and
- will be voted on.
- 4. If an amendment accepted by the original proposer is not to the
- liking of others, they may propose another amendment to reverse the
- earlier change (again, they must meet the requirements for proposer
- and sponsor(s).)
- 5. The proposer of a resolution may suggest changes to the wordings of
- amendments; these take effect if the proposer of the amendment
- agrees and none of the sponsors object. In this case the changed
- amendments will be voted on instead of the originals.
- 6. The proposer of a resolution may make changes to correct minor
- errors (for example, typographical errors or inconsistencies) or
- changes which do not alter the meaning, providing noone objects
- within 24 hours. In this case the minimum discussion period is not
- restarted.
-
- A.2. Calling for a vote
-
- 1. The proposer or a sponsor of a motion or an amendment may call for
- a vote, providing that the minimum discussion period (if any) has
- elapsed.
- 2. The proposer or any sponsor of a resolution may call for a vote on
- that resolution and all related amendments.
- 3. The person who calls for a vote states what they believe the
- wordings of the resolution and any relevant amendments are, and
- consequently what form the ballot should take. However, the final
- decision on the form of ballot(s) is the Secretary's - see 7.1(1),
- 7.1(3) and A.3(4).
- 4. The minimum discussion period is counted from the time the last
- formal amendment was accepted, or since the whole resolution was
- proposed if no amendments have been proposed and accepted.
-
- A.3. Voting procedure
-
- 1. Each resolution and its related amendments is voted on in a single
- ballot that includes an option for the original resolution, each
- amendment, and the default option (where applicable).
- 2. The default option must not have any supermajority requirements.
- Options which do not have an explicit supermajority requirement
- have a 1:1 majority requirement.
- 3. The votes are counted according to the rules in A.6. The default
- option is "Further Discussion", unless specified otherwise.
- 4. In cases of doubt the Project Secretary shall decide on matters of
- procedure.
-
- A.4. Withdrawing resolutions or unaccepted amendments
-
- The proposer of a resolution or unaccepted amendment may withdraw it.
- In this case new proposers may come forward keep it alive, in which
- case the first person to do so becomes the new proposer and any others
- become sponsors if they aren't sponsors already.
-
- A sponsor of a resolution or amendment (unless it has been accepted)
- may withdraw.
-
- If the withdrawal of the proposer and/or sponsors means that a
- resolution has no proposer or not enough sponsors it will not be voted
- on unless this is rectified before the resolution expires.
-
- A.5. Expiry
-
- If a proposed resolution has not been discussed, amended, voted on or
- otherwise dealt with for 4 weeks the secretary may issue a statement
- that the issue is being withdrawn. If none of the sponsors of any of
- the proposals object within a week, the issue is withdrawn.
-
- The secretary may also include suggestions on how to proceed, if
- appropriate.
-
- A.6. Vote Counting
-
- 1. Each voter's ballot ranks the options being voted on. Not all
- options need be ranked. Ranked options are considered preferred to
- all unranked options. Voters may rank options equally. Unranked
- options are considered to be ranked equally with one another.
- Details of how ballots may be filled out will be included in the
- Call For Votes.
- 2. If the ballot has a quorum requirement R any options other than the
- default option which do not receive at least R votes ranking that
- option above the default option are dropped from consideration.
- 3. Any (non-default) option which does not defeat the default option
- by its required majority ratio is dropped from consideration.
- 1. Given two options A and B, V(A,B) is the number of voters who
- prefer option A over option B.
- 2. An option A defeats the default option D by a majority ratio
- N, if V(A,D) is strictly greater than N * V(D,A).
- 3. If a supermajority of S:1 is required for A, its majority
- ratio is S; otherwise, its majority ratio is 1.
- 4. From the list of undropped options, we generate a list of pairwise
- defeats.
- 1. An option A defeats an option B, if V(A,B) is strictly greater
- than V(B,A).
- 5. From the list of [undropped] pairwise defeats, we generate a set of
- transitive defeats.
- 1. An option A transitively defeats an option C if A defeats C or
- if there is some other option B where A defeats B AND B
- transitively defeats C.
- 6. We construct the Schwartz set from the set of transitive defeats.
- 1. An option A is in the Schwartz set if for all options B,
- either A transitively defeats B, or B does not transitively
- defeat A.
- 7. If there are defeats between options in the Schwartz set, we drop
- the weakest such defeats from the list of pairwise defeats, and
- return to step 5.
- 1. A defeat (A,X) is weaker than a defeat (B,Y) if V(A,X) is less
- than V(B,Y). Also, (A,X) is weaker than (B,Y) if V(A,X) is
- equal to V(B,Y) and V(X,A) is greater than V(Y,B).
- 2. A weakest defeat is a defeat that has no other defeat weaker
- than it. There may be more than one such defeat.
- 8. If there are no defeats within the Schwartz set, then the winner is
- chosen from the options in the Schwartz set. If there is only one
- such option, it is the winner. If there are multiple options, the
- elector with the casting vote chooses which of those options wins.
-
- Note: Options which the voters rank above the default option are
- options they find acceptable. Options ranked below the default options
- are options they find unacceptable.
-
- When the Standard Resolution Procedure is to be used, the text which
- refers to it must specify what is sufficient to have a draft resolution
- proposed and/or sponsored, what the minimum discussion period is, and
- what the voting period is. It must also specify any supermajority
- and/or the quorum (and default option) to be used.
-
-B. Use of language and typography
-
- The present indicative ("is", for example) means that the statement is
- a rule in this constitution. "ay" or "can" indicates that the person or
- body has discretion. "Should" means that it would be considered a good
- thing if the sentence were obeyed, but it is not binding. Text marked
- as a citation, such as this, is rationale and does not form part of the
- constitution. It may be used only to aid interpretation in cases of
- doubt.
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/debian-manifesto b/includes/etch/common/doc/debian-manifesto
deleted file mode 100644
index 9322c93..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/debian-manifesto
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-Please note that this document is provided in order to document
-Debian's history. While the general ideas still apply some details
-changed.
-
-
-********************
-Appendix
-The Debian Manifesto
-********************
-
-
- The Debian Linux Manifesto
-
- Written by Ian A. Murdock
- Revised 01/06/94
-
-
-What is Debian Linux?
-=====================
-
-Debian Linux is a brand-new kind of Linux distribution. Rather than
-being developed by one isolated individual or group, as other
-distributions of Linux have been developed in the past, Debian is being
-developed openly in the spirit of Linux and GNU. The primary purpose
-of the Debian project is to finally create a distribution that lives up
-to the Linux name. Debian is being carefully and conscientiously put
-together and will be maintained and supported with similar care.
-
-It is also an attempt to create a non-commercial distribution that will
-be able to effectively compete in the commercial market. It will
-eventually be distributed by The Free Software Foundation on CD-ROM,
-and The Debian Linux Association will offer the distribution on floppy
-disk and tape along with printed manuals, technical support and other
-end-user essentials. All of the above will be available at little more
-than cost, and the excess will be put toward further development of
-free software for all users. Such distribution is essential to the
-success of the Linux operating system in the commercial market, and it
-must be done by organizations in a position to successfully advance and
-advocate free software without the pressure of profits or returns.
-
-
-Why is Debian being constructed?
-================================
-
-Distributions are essential to the future of Linux. Essentially, they
-eliminate the need for the user to locate, download, compile, install
-and integrate a fairly large number of essential tools to assemble a
-working Linux system. Instead, the burden of system construction is
-placed on the distribution creator, whose work can be shared with
-thousands of other users. Almost all users of Linux will get their
-first taste of it through a distribution, and most users will continue
-to use a distribution for the sake of convenience even after they are
-familiar with the operating system. Thus, distributions play a very
-important role indeed.
-
-Despite their obvious importance, distributions have attracted little
-attention from developers. There is a simple reason for this: they are
-neither easy nor glamorous to construct and require a great deal of
-ongoing effort from the creator to keep the distribution bug-free and
-up-to-date. It is one thing to put together a system from scratch; it
-is quite another to ensure that the system is easy for others to
-install, is installable and usable under a wide variety of hardware
-configurations, contains software that others will find useful, and is
-updated when the components themselves are improved.
-
-Many distributions have started out as fairly good systems, but as time
-passes attention to maintaining the distribution becomes a secondary
-concern. A case-in-point is the Softlanding Linux System (better known
-as SLS). It is quite possibly the most bug-ridden and badly maintained
-Linux distribution available; unfortunately, it is also quite possibly
-the most popular. It is, without question, the distribution that
-attracts the most attention from the many commercial "distributors" of
-Linux that have surfaced to capitalize on the growing popularity of the
-operating system.
-
-This is a bad combination indeed, as most people who obtain Linux from
-these "distributors" receive a bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux
-distribution. As if this wasn't bad enough, these "distributors" have
-a disturbing tendency to misleadingly advertise non-functional or
-extremely unstable "features" of their product. Combine this with the
-fact that the buyers will, of course, expect the product to live up to
-its advertisement and the fact that many may believe it to be a
-commercial operating system (there is also a tendency not to mention
-that Linux is free nor that it is distributed under the GNU General
-Public License). To top it all off, these "distributors" are actually
-making enough money from their effort to justify buying larger
-advertisements in more magazines; it is the classic example of
-unacceptable behavior being rewarded by those who simply do not know
-any better. Clearly something needs to be done to remedy the
-situation.
-
-
-How will Debian attempt to put an end to these problems?
-========================================================
-
-The Debian design process is open to ensure that the system is of the
-highest quality and that it reflects the needs of the user community.
-By involving others with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds,
-Debian is able to be developed in a modular fashion. Its components
-are of high quality because those with expertise in a certain area are
-given the opportunity to construct or maintain the individual
-components of Debian involving that area. Involving others also
-ensures that valuable suggestions for improvement can be incorporated
-into the distribution during its development; thus, a distribution is
-created based on the needs and wants of the users rather than the needs
-and wants of the constructor. It is very difficult for one individual
-or small group to anticipate these needs and wants in advance without
-direct input from others.
-
-Debian Linux will also be distributed on physical media by the Free
-Software Foundation and the Debian Linux Association. This provides
-Debian to users without access to the Internet or FTP and additionally
-makes products and services such as printed manuals and technical
-support available to all users of the system. In this way, Debian may
-be used by many more individuals and organizations than is otherwise
-possible, the focus will be on providing a first-class product and not
-on profits or returns, and the margin from the products and services
-provided may be used to improve the software itself for all users
-whether they paid to obtain it or not.
-
-The Free Software Foundation plays an extremely important role in the
-future of Debian. By the simple fact that they will be distributing
-it, a message is sent to the world that Linux is not a commercial
-product and that it never should be, but that this does not mean that
-Linux will never be able to compete commercially. For those of you who
-disagree, I challenge you to rationalize the success of GNU Emacs and
-GCC, which are not commercial software but which have had quite an
-impact on the commercial market regardless of that fact.
-
-The time has come to concentrate on the future of Linux rather than on
-the destructive goal of enriching oneself at the expense of the entire
-Linux community and its future. The development and distribution of
-Debian may not be the answer to the problems that I have outlined in
-the Manifesto, but I hope that it will at least attract enough
-attention to these problems to allow them to be solved.
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/mailing-lists.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/mailing-lists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 84010d8..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/mailing-lists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1266 +0,0 @@
- Introduction to the Debian mailing lists
- ========================================
-
- Debian GNU/Linux is developed through distributed development all
- around the world. Therefore, email is the preferred way to discuss
- various items. Much of the conversation between Debian developers
- and users is managed through several mailing lists.
-
- There are many world-open mailing lists, meaning anyone can read
- everything that is posted, and participate in the discussions. Everyone is
- encouraged to help development of Debian and to spread the word of free
- software. There are also a few lists which are only open to official Debian
- developers; please don't interpret this as closed development, it sometimes
- doesn't make much sense discussing internal topics with non-developers.
-
- All original Debian mailing lists run on a special server, using an
- automatic mail processing software called SmartList. This server is called
- lists.debian.org. All submission, subscription and unsubscription messages
- have to be sent to a particular address at this host.
-
- The language used on all lists is English, unless stated otherwise.
- There are some user lists for other languages available.
-
-Subscription / Unsubscription
------------------------------
-
- Anyone is able to subscribe/unsubscribe on their own to any mailing list,
- presuming the subscription policy for a particular list is `open'.
-
- The requests for subscription or unsubscription can be sent to a special
- control address, which is slightly different from the list address.
- Subscription or unsubscription messages should NOT be sent to the address
- of the mailing list itself.
-
- To subscribe or unsubscribe from a mailing list, please send mail to
-
- <listname>-REQUEST at lists.debian.org
-
- with the word `subscribe' or `unsubscribe' as subject.
-
- Please remember the -REQUEST part of the address.
-
- As part of the subscription process, the list software will send you an
- email to which you must reply in order to finish subscribing. This is a
- security measure to keep people from subscribing others to the lists without
- their permission.
-
- If you need to contact a human listmaster, direct your mail to
- listmaster at lists.debian.org . To find out who is responsible for the
- lists, take a look at http://www.debian.org/intro/organization
-
-User lists
-
- There are several user based mailing lists where developers and
- users can get in contact to discuss and solve problems.
-
- debian-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Important announcements
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-chinese-big5 at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Chinese [Big5]
- Language : Chinese
- Moderated : subscribers
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-chinese-gb at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Chinese [GB]
- Language : Chinese
- Moderated : subscribers
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-edu-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Announcements for the debian-edu archive
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-enterprise at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian for the enterprise
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-esperanto at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Esperanto
- Language : Esperanto
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-firewall at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Running a firewall on Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-infrastructure-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Infrastructure announcements
- Moderated : signed
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-isp at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian at Internet Service Providers
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-italian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Italian
- Language : Italian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-japanese at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Japanese
- Language : English/Japanese
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-kde at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : KDE in Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-laptop at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian on mobile computers
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-news-french at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : French Debian News, weekly and otherwise
- Language : French
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-news-german at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : German Debian News, weekly and otherwise
- Language : German
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-news-italian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Italian Debian News, weekly and otherwise
- Language : Italian
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-news-portuguese at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Portuguese Debian News, weekly and otherwise
- Language : Portuguese
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-news-spanish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Spanish Debian News, weekly and otherwise
- Language : Spanish
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-news at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian News, weekly and otherwise
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-photo at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Using Debian for photography
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-russian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Russian
- Language : Russian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-security-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Security announcements
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-security at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Security in Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-testing-security-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Security announcements for testing
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-catalan at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Catalan
- Language : Catalan
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-danish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Danish
- Language : Danish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-french at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in French
- Language : French
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-german at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in German
- Language : German
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-hungarian
-
- Description : debian-user in Hungarian
- Language : Hungarian
- Subscription: http://lists.linux.hu/mailman/listinfo/debian
-
- debian-user-icelandic at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Icelandic
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-indonesian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Indonesian
- Language : Indonesian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-polish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Polish
- Language : Polish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-portuguese at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Portuguese
- Language : Portuguese (both European and Brazilian, and other dialects are welcome)
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-spanish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Spanish
- Language : Spanish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-swedish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Swedish
- Language : Swedish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-turkish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Turkish
- Language : Turkish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-ukrainian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Ukrainian
- Language : Ukrainian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user-vietnamese at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debian-user in Vietnamese
- Language : Vietnamese
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-user at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Help and discussion among users of Debian
- Digest : debian-user-digest at lists.debian.org
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-volatile-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Announcements for the debian-volatile archive
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-volatile at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Using the debian-volatile archive
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
-Development lists
-
- There are several lists on which developers and experienced
- users discuss more technical issues. In addition, there are some
- announcement lists to help experienced users keep track of
- development.
-
- debian-accessibility at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Making Debian more accessible to people with disabilities
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-apache at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Maintaining the Debian Apache (web server) and related packages
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-beowulf at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian on Beowulf clusters
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-boot at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Developing the installation system
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-cd at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Creating Debian CD Images
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-ctte-private at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian Technical Committee private list [dead list]
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: Debian Technical Committee only
-
- debian-ctte at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian Technical Committee
- Moderated : subscribers
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-custom at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Developing common infrastructure for custom Debian distributions
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-dak at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian Archive Kit / Buildd list
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-ddtp at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : DDTP coordination
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-debbugs-cvs at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debbugs CVS commits
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-debbugs at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : debbugs, the Debian bug tracking system
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-desktop at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian Desktop project
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Announcements for developers
- Moderated : signed
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel-austrian
-
- Description : Development discussions among Austrians
- Language : (mostly) German
- Subscription: https://www.gibraltar.at/mailman/listinfo/debian-at
-
- debian-devel-french at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development discussions in French
- Language : French
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel-games at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development of games in Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel-italian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development discussions in Italian
- Language : Italian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel-portuguese at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development discussions in Portuguese
- Language : Portuguese
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel-spanish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development discussions in Spanish
- Language : Spanish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development of Debian
- Digest : debian-devel-digest at lists.debian.org
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-doc at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Writing documentation for Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-dpkg-bugs at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : dpkg bug reports
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-dpkg-cvs at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : dpkg CVS commits
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-dpkg at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development of dpkg
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-edu-french at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Discussion between French educational Debian-based projects
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-edu at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Making Debian desirable for education purposes
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-emacsen at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Maintaining Emacsen
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-email at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Generic "grab-bag" list for Debian-related communication
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: developers only
-
- debian-embedded at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian on embedded systems
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-flash at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : development and use of flash technologies on Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-gcc at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian GCC Maintainers
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-glibc at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Maintaining GNU C Library packages
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-gtk-gnome at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Packages using GTK+ and/or GNOME
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-hams at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development of HAM Radio under Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-handheld at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian on handheld computers
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-haskell at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Haskell packages and maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-ipv6 at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : IPv6 Maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-java at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Java Maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-jr at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Making Debian desirable for children
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-kernel-maint at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian kernel development and discussion
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-kernel at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Kernel packages in Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-knoppix at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Development of the Knoppix Live CD/DVD
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-lex at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Making Debian desirable for lawyers
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-lint-maint at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Maintenance of Debian `lint' tools like lintian or linda
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-live at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Discussion and maintenance of the Debian Live systems
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-lsb at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian and the Linux Standard Base
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-med at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Making Debian desirable for doctors
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-mentors at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Helping newbie developers
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-multimedia at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Multimedia support and applications
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-ocaml-maint at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : ocaml package maintenance and development
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-openoffice at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : OpenOffice packages maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-perl at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Perl packages maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-policy at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Creating and editing Debian Policy
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-printing at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian Printing Infrastructure
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-private at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Private discussions among developers
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: developers only
-
- debian-python at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Python packages maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-qa-packages at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Orphaned packages maintained by the QA group
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-qa at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Quality Assurance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-qt-kde at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Packages using Qt and/or KDE
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-release at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Coordinating Debian releases
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-ruby at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Ruby packages maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-science at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : using debian for science and related research
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-security-tracker at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Discussion about the Debian Security Tracker
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-sgml at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian and SGML
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-ssh at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : SSH packages maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-testing at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Testing for the next release
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-tex-maint at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Coordination of the maintenance of TeX packages in Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-toolchain at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Compilers, assemblers etc.
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-webapps at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Web applications packaging
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-wnpp at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Work-Needing and Prospective Packages
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-www-cvs at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Web pages CVS commits
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-www at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Web pages design and maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-x at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian XFree86 packaging
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- deity at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : APT packages maintenance
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
-Internationalization and Translations
-
- These lists cover issues like localization, translation and support for
- users that don't speak English.
-
- debian-i18n at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian Internationalization
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-arabic at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Arabic Localization
- Language : Arabic
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-basque at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Basque localization
- Language : Basque
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-catalan at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Catalan Localization
- Language : Catalan
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-czech at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Czech Localization
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-danish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Danish Localization
- Language : Danish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-dutch at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Dutch Localization
- Language : Dutch
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-english at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : English Localization
- Language : English
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-esperanto at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Esperanto Localization
- Language : Esperanto
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-finnish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Finnish Localization
- Language : Finnish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-french at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : French Localization
- Language : French
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-galician at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Galician Localization
- Language : Galician
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-german at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : German Localization
- Language : German
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-greek at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Greek Localization
- Language : Greek
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-hungarian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Hungarian Localization
- Language : Hungarian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-italian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Italian Localization
- Language : Italian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-kannada at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Kannada Localization
- Language : Kannada
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-korean at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Korean Localization
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-malayalam at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Malayalam Localization
- Language : Malayalam
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-persian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Persian/Farsi Localization
- Language : Persian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-polish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Polish Localization
- Language : Polish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-portuguese at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Portuguese Localization
- Language : Portuguese
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-romanian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Romanian Localization
- Language : Romanian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-russian at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Russian Localization
- Language : Russian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-spanish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Spanish Localization
- Language : Spanish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-swedish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Swedish Localization
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-l10n-turkish at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Turkish Localization
- Language : Turkish
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
-Ports to non-i386 Linux architectures and to non-Linux kernels
-
- Debian GNU/Linux is ported to several other types of computers, and there
- are also efforts to create Debian systems on kernels other than Linux.
-
- debian-68k at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to m68k
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-alpha at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to Alpha
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-amd64 at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to AMD64
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-arm at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to ARM
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-bsd at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to BSD
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-hppa at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to HPPA
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-hurd at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to Hurd
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-ia64 at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to Intel IA-64
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-mips at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to MIPS
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-powerpc at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to PowerPC
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-s390 at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to IBM S/390
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-sparc at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to SPARC
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-superh at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to SuperH
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-win32 at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian port to Win32
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
-The Bug Tracking System
-
- The Debian bug tracking system is open to the public, and it produces
- a lot of email. Some of this might be of interest to developers or even
- users, so it is distributed through these (high-volume) mailing lists.
-
- debian-bugs-closed at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian BTS, closed bugs
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-bugs-dist at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian BTS, received bugs
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-bugs-forwarded at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian BTS, forwarded bugs
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-bugs-rc at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian BTS, release-critical bugs
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
-Miscellaneous Debian lists
-
- There are several mailing lists which discuss topics that are
- not directly related to developing or using Debian, and there
- are some that don't necessarily have a clear distinction
- between developers and users in the intended audience.
-
- debian-admin at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Internal list for Debian Project machine admins
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: closed
-
- debian-changes at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Stable packages' upgrade announcements
- Digest : debian-changes-digest at lists.debian.org
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-consultants at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian consultants, paid support
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-curiosa at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : All the funny stuff regarding Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-devel-changes at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Unstable packages' upgrade announcements
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-events-eu at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Events with Debian affiliation in Europe
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-events-na at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Events with Debian affiliation in North America
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-events-nl at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Events with Debian affiliation in the Netherlands
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-jobs at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Job postings for members of the Debian community
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-legal at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Copyright, licensing and patent issues
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-mirrors-announce at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : News and announcements regarding FTP archive mirrors
- Moderated : signed
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-mirrors at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Discussions about the Debian mirror network
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-newmaint at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Debian New Maintainer process discussion
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-project at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Discussions about non-technical issues in the project
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-publicity at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Making Debian famous
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-testing-changes at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Testing packages' upgrade announcements
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-vote at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Voting announcements and discussion
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- debian-women at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Discussion and collaboration involving women in Debian
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- whitelist at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Generic whitelist
- Moderated : yes
- Subscription: open
-
-Lists hosted for other projects
-
- Our list server provides mailing list facilities for other free
- projects as well.
-
- other-cdwrite at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : cdwrite
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
- other-sart at lists.debian.org
-
- Description : Discussions and announcements about SART
- Moderated : no
- Subscription: open
-
-
-Debian mailing list advertising policy
---------------------------------------
-
- This policy is intended to fight mailing-list "spamming".
-
- The Debian mailing lists accept commercial advertising for payment. The fee
- for advertisments is a donation of USD 1000 or more to "Software in the
- Public Interest" (SPI). One donation per advertisement, please. If you
- prefer to pay in arrears, simply post your advertisement to the list, and
- the list operator will bill you USD 1999. The list operator will donate
- this amount, minus the expense of collecting it, to SPI. Please note that
- the lists are distributed automatically -- messages are generally not read
- or checked in any way before they are distributed.
-
- The act of posting an advertisement indicates your willingness to
- * accept responsibility for the fee,
- * indemnify the list operator against any legal claims from you or
- others in connection with your advertisement, and
- * pay any legal and business expenses incurred in collecting late payment.
- Our liability to you is limited to a good-faith effort to deliver your
- message.
-
- Reduced rates and/or waiver of fee are available for Debian-related
- advertisements. You must consult the list operator in advance of posting for
- any reduction or fee waiver.
-
---
-Online HTML version of this document is available at
- http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/social-contract.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/social-contract.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 63591f8..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/social-contract.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
- Version 1.0 ratified on July 5, 1997. Superseded by Version 1.1,
- ratified on April 26, 2004.
-
- Debian, the producers of the Debian GNU/Linux system, have created the
- Debian Social Contract. The Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG) part
- of the contract, initially designed as a set of commitments that we
- agree to abide by, has been adopted by the free software community as
- the basis of the Open Source Definition.
- __________________________________________________________________
-
-"Social Contract" with the Free Software Community
-
- 1. Debian Will Remain 100% Free Software
- We promise to keep the Debian GNU/Linux Distribution entirely free
- software. As there are many definitions of free software, we
- include the guidelines we use to determine if software is "free"
- below. We will support our users who develop and run non-free
- software on Debian, but we will never make the system depend on an
- item of non-free software.
- 2. We Will Give Back to the Free Software Community
- When we write new components of the Debian system, we will license
- them as free software. We will make the best system we can, so that
- free software will be widely distributed and used. We will feed
- back bug-fixes, improvements, user requests, etc. to the "upstream"
- authors of software included in our system.
- 3. We Won't Hide Problems
- We will keep our entire bug-report database open for public view at
- all times. Reports that users file on-line will immediately become
- visible to others.
- 4. Our Priorities are Our Users and Free Software
- We will be guided by the needs of our users and the free-software
- community. We will place their interests first in our priorities.
- We will support the needs of our users for operation in many
- different kinds of computing environment. We won't object to
- commercial software that is intended to run on Debian systems, and
- we'll allow others to create value-added distributions containing
- both Debian and commercial software, without any fee from us. To
- support these goals, we will provide an integrated system of
- high-quality, 100% free software, with no legal restrictions that
- would prevent these kinds of use.
- 5. Programs That Don't Meet Our Free-Software Standards
- We acknowledge that some of our users require the use of programs
- that don't conform to the Debian Free Software Guidelines. We have
- created "contrib" and "non-free" areas in our FTP archive for this
- software. The software in these directories is not part of the
- Debian system, although it has been configured for use with Debian.
- We encourage CD manufacturers to read the licenses of software
- packages in these directories and determine if they can distribute
- that software on their CDs. Thus, although non-free software isn't
- a part of Debian, we support its use, and we provide infrastructure
- (such as our bug-tracking system and mailing lists) for non-free
- software packages.
- __________________________________________________________________
-
-The Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)
-
- 1. Free Redistribution
- The license of a Debian component may not restrict any party from
- selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate
- software distribution containing programs from several different
- sources. The license may not require a royalty or other fee for
- such sale.
- 2. Source Code
- The program must include source code, and must allow distribution
- in source code as well as compiled form.
- 3. Derived Works
- The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must
- allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of
- the original software.
- 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code
- The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in
- modified form _only_ if the license allows the distribution of
- "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the
- program at build time. The license must explicitly permit
- distribution of software built from modified source code. The
- license may require derived works to carry a different name or
- version number from the original software. (This is a compromise.
- The Debian group encourages all authors not to restrict any files,
- source or binary, from being modified.)
- 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
- The license must not discriminate against any person or group of
- persons.
- 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
- The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program
- in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict
- the program from being used in a business, or from being used for
- genetic research.
- 7. Distribution of License
- The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the
- program is redistributed without the need for execution of an
- additional license by those parties.
- 8. License Must Not Be Specific to Debian
- The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's
- being part of a Debian system. If the program is extracted from
- Debian and used or distributed without Debian but otherwise within
- the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program
- is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are
- granted in conjunction with the Debian system.
- 9. License Must Not Contaminate Other Software
- The license must not place restrictions on other software that is
- distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the
- license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the
- same medium must be free software.
- 10. Example Licenses
- The "GPL", "BSD", and "Artistic" licenses are examples of licenses
- that we consider "free".
-
- The concept of stating our "social contract with the free software
- community" was suggested by Ean Schuessler. This document was drafted
- by Bruce Perens, refined by the other Debian developers during a
- month-long e-mail conference in June 1997, and then accepted as the
- publicly stated policy of the Debian Project.
-
- Bruce Perens later removed the Debian-specific references from the
- Debian Free Software Guidelines to create "The Open Source Definition".
-
- Other organizations may derive from and build on this document. Please
- give credit to the Debian project if you do.
diff --git a/includes/etch/common/doc/source-unpack.txt b/includes/etch/common/doc/source-unpack.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 151b733..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/common/doc/source-unpack.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
- HOW TO UNPACK A DEBIAN SOURCE PACKAGE
-
-There are two kinds of Debian source packages: old ones and new ones.
-
-A. Old ones look like this:
- hello-1.3-4.tar.gz
- hello-1.3-4.diff.gz
- You unpack them by untarring the .tar.gz. There is NO need to apply
- the diff.
-
-B. New ones look like this:
- hello_1.3-11.dsc
- hello_1.3-11.diff.gz
- hello_1.3-11.orig.tar.gz - note the `.orig' part
- Here you MUST use dpkg-source or apply the diff manually - see below.
-
- If you have `dpkg-source' you should put the files in the same
- directory and type `dpkg-source -x <whatever>.dsc'.
-
- If you do not you can extract the Debian source as follows:
- 1. untar P_V.orig.tar.gz.
- 2. rename the resulting P-V.orig directory to P-V. If some other
- directory results, rename *it* to P-V.
- 3. mkdir P-V/debian.
- 4. apply the diff with patch -p0.
- 5. do `chmod +x P-V/debian/rules'
- (where P is the package name and V the version.)
-
-C. There are some packages where the Debian source is the upstream
- source. In this case there will be no .diff.gz and you can just use
- the .tar.gz. If a .dsc is provided you can use `dpkg-source -x'.
-
- -- Ian Jackson <ijackson at gnu.ai.mit.edu> Sat, 31 Aug 1996
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/README.html b/includes/etch/install/README.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 297d43b..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/README.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,428 +0,0 @@
-
-
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
-<html lang="en">
-<head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
- <title>Debian GNU/Linux -- The Universal Operating System</title>
- <meta name="Description" content="Debian GNU/Linux is a free distribution of the GNU/Linux operating system. It is maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort.">
- <meta name="Keywords" content="debian, GNU, linux, unix, open source, free, DFSG">
- <meta name="Language" content="English">
- <meta name="Author" content="J.A. Bezemer, debian-boot at lists.debian.org">
- <link rev="made" href="mailto:debian-boot at lists.debian.org">
-</head>
-<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
-
- <!-- The HTML and TEXT file are NOT the actual source code. -->
- <!-- For that, see http://svn.debian.org/wsvn/debian-cd -->
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<div align=right>
-(<a href="README.txt">Text version</a>)
-</div>
-<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center" summary="">
-<tr>
-<td>
-<img src="pics/logo-50.jpg" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="" width="50" height="61">
-<img src="pics/debian.jpg" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="Debian" width="179" height="61">
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-
-<table bgcolor="#DF0451" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
- width="100%" summary="">
-<tr>
-<td valign="top">
-<img src="pics/red-upperleft.png" align="left" border="0" hspace="0"
- vspace="0" alt="" width="15" height="16">
-</td>
-<td rowspan="2" align="center">
-
- <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#000084">
- <div align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" face="helvetica,arial"><B>
- Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r5 "Etch" - Official i386 BC Binary-1 20081024-15:52
- </B></font></div>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
-
-</td>
-<td valign="top">
-<img src="pics/red-upperright.png" align="right" border="0" hspace="0"
- vspace="0" alt="" width="16" height="16">
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign="bottom">
-<img src="pics/red-lowerleft.png" align="left" border="0" hspace="0"
- vspace="0" alt="" width="16" height="16">
-</td>
-<td valign="bottom">
-<img src="pics/red-lowerright.png" align="right" border="0" hspace="0"
-vspace="0" alt="" width="15" height="16">
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="">
-<tr>
- <td></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-
-<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="">
-<tr>
- <td colspan="3" valign="top" width="20%" bgcolor="#BBDDFF">
- <img src="pics/blue-upperleft.png" align="left" border="0"
- hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="" width="16" height="16">
- <img src="pics/blue-upperright.png" align="right" border="0"
- hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="" width="16" height="16">
- </td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td bgcolor="#BBDDFF"> </td>
-
- <td valign="TOP" bgcolor="#BBDDFF">
-
-<font face="Arial,Helvetica">
-
-<P><B><A href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian home page</A></B></P>
-
- <br>
-<P>
-
-
-
-<A href="#intro">Intro</A>
-<P>
-
-
-<A href="#thisdisc">About This Disc</A>
-<P>
-
-
-<A href="#install">Installing</A>
-<P>
-
-
-<A href="#lastmin">Last-Minute Notes</A>
-<P>
-
-
- <A href="#apt">Using CDs/DVDs with apt</A>
- <P>
-
-
-<A href="#cdmanuf">CD/DVD Manufacturers</A>
-<P>
-
-
-<A href="#other">More Information</A>
-
-<P>
-
- <P>
-<A href=".">Browse This Disc</A></P>
-<P>
-<tt> </tt>
-</P>
-
-
-</font>
-
-
-
- </td>
- <td bgcolor="#BBDDFF"> </td>
- <td> </td>
-
- <td valign="TOP" width="80%">
-
-<div align="center">
-<big><big><B><I>
-Welcome to the exciting world of
-</I></B></big></big>
-<br>
-<big><big><big><B><I>
-Debian GNU/Linux!
-</I></B></big></big></big>
-</div>
-
-<P><H2><A name="intro">
-Intro
-</H2>
-</a>
-<p>
-This is one disc in a set containing the
-<a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian GNU/Linux</a>
-distribution. Debian is a
-very extensive collection of software. But it is more. It is a complete
-Operating System (OS) for your computer. And it is
-<A href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free">free</A>
-(as in "freedom").
-<P>
-An operating system is the set of basic programs
-and utilities that make your computer run. At the core of an operating
-system is the kernel. The kernel is the most fundamental program on the
-computer, which does all the basic housekeeping and lets you start other
-programs.
-Debian is kernel independent. It currently uses the
-<A href="http://www.linux.org/">Linux</A> kernel but work is
-in progress to provide Debian for other kernels, using
-<A href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html">the Hurd</A>.
-Most of the basic operating system tools
-come from the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/">GNU project</A>; hence the name
-GNU/Linux.
-<P>
-
-Debian is available for various kinds of computers
-("architectures"), like
-"IBM-compatible" PCs (<i>i386</i>),
-Compaq's <i>Alpha</i>,
-Sun's <i>Sparc</i>,
-Motorola/IBM's <i>PowerPC</i>, and <i>(Strong)ARM</i> processors.
-Check the <A href="http://www.debian.org/ports">ports</A> page
-for more information.
-<P>
-
-<A href="http://www.debian.org/intro/about">Read more...</A>
-
-<P><HR><P><H2><A name="thisdisc">
-About This Disc
-</H2>
-</a>
-<p>
-This disc is labeled
-<P>
-<tt>
- Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r5 "Etch" - Official i386 BC Binary-1 20081024-15:52
-</tt>
-<P>
-which means that this disc is number 1 of a set of 1 discs.
-The packages on this disc contain programs ("binaries") for 'ARCH' computers.
-<P>
-The packages on the Binary discs are ordered by popularity. The Binary-1 disc
-contains the most popular programs and the installation tools; it is possible
-to install and run Debian with only the Binary-1 disc.
-It is unlikely that you will need all of the 1 discs in the set. The
-higher the number in the set, the less likely it is that you will use any of
-the packages on that disc; higher-number images contain mostly special-interest
-programs.
-<P>
-The Release Notes for "etch" are available on the <A
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/etch/releasenotes">Debian web
-site</A>.
-
-
-<P><HR><P><H2><A name="install">
-Installing
-</H2>
-</a>
-<p>
-
- Because Debian is a complete Operating System, the installation procedure
- may seem a bit unusual. You can install Debian GNU/Linux either
- <i>alongside</i> your current OS, or as the <i>only</i> OS on your computer.
- <P>
- An <b>Installation Guide</b> for this disc is available from
- <A href="http://www.debian.org/releases/etch/installmanual">the Debian web site</a>.
- <P>
- Programs and other files that are needed for the installation can be found on
- this disc under
- <P>
- <tt>
- <A href="tools/">/tools/</a>
- </tt>
- and
- <tt>
- <A href="install/floppy/">/install/floppy/</a>
- </tt>
-
- <P>
- For the impatient ones:
-
- you can start the installation program easily by booting off this disc.
- Note that not all (esp. older) systems support this.
- <P>
-
- You can examine the
- <P>
- <tt>
- <a href="install/">/install</a>
- </tt>
- <P>
- directory; you might be able to start the installation system directly
- from there.
-
-
-<P><HR><P><H2><A name="lastmin">
-Last-Minute Notes
-</H2>
-</a>
-<p>
-<UL>
-
-<LI>This is an official release of the Debian system. Please report any
-bugs you find in the Debian Bug Tracking System; details at <A
-HREF="http://bugs.debian.org/">bugs.debian.org</A>.
-<LI>If you're reporting bugs against this disc or the installation
-system, please also mention the version of this disc; this can be
-found in the file <a href="./.disk/info">/.disk/info</a>.
-
-<br>
-</LI>
-
-</UL>
-
- <P><HR><P><H2><A name="apt">
- Using Apt
- </H2>
- </a>
- <p>
- After installing or upgrading, Debian's packaging system can use CDs, DVDs,
- local collections, or networked servers (FTP, HTTP) to automatically
- install software from (<tt>.deb</tt> <i>packages</i>). This is done
- preferably with the 'apt' and 'aptitude' programs.
-
- <P>
-
- You can install packages from the commandline using
- <tt>aptitude</tt>. For example, if you want to install the packages
- 'commprog' and 'maxgame', you can give the command
- <P>
- <tt>
- aptitude install commprog maxgame
- </tt>
- <P>
- Note that you don't have to enter the complete path, or the
- '<tt>.deb</tt>' extension. 'Apt' will figure this out itself.
- <P>
- Or use aptitude for a full screen interactive selection of available
- Debian packages.
-
-
-
-<P><HR><P><H2><A name="cdmanuf">
-CD/DVD Manufacturers
-</H2>
-</a>
-<p>
-You are completely free to manufacture and re-distribute CDs/DVDs of the
-Debian GNU/Linux Operating System, like this one. There is no charge from
-us (but of course donations are always welcome).
-
-<P>
-
-For all needed information and contact addresses, please refer to
-<P>
-<tt>
- <a href="http://www.debian.org/CD/">http://www.debian.org/CD/</a>
-</tt>
-
-<P><HR><P><H2><A name="other">
-More Information
-</H2>
-</a>
-<p>
-
-There is much more information present on this disc. Besides the already
-mentioned installation and upgrading procedures, this is the most
-interesting: <P>
-
-<UL>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="doc/FAQ/">Debian FAQ</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="doc/constitution.txt">The Debian Constitution</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="doc/debian-manifesto">The Debian Manifesto</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="doc/social-contract.txt">Debian's Social Contract</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="doc/bug-reporting.txt">Bug reporting instructions</a>
-
-</LI>
-</UL>
-
-
-<P>
-Also on the Internet are many resources. To name a few:
-<P>
-
-<UL>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="http://www.debian.org/">The Debian homepage</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="http://www.debian.org/doc/">Debian Documentation</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="http://www.debian.org/support">Debian User Support</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="http://www.tldp.org/">The Linux Documentation Project</a>
-
-</LI>
-<LI>
-
-<A href="http://www.linux.org/">General Linux homepage</a>
-
-</LI>
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-
-<DIV align="center">
-
-<HR>
-
-<SMALL>See the Debian
-<A href="http://www.debian.org/contact">contact page</A>
-
-
-for information on contacting us.
- </SMALL><P>
-</DIV>
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="3" valign="bottom" width="20%" bgcolor="#BBDDFF">
- <img src="pics/blue-lowerleft.png" align="left" border="0"
- hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="" width="17" height="16">
- <img src="pics/blue-lowerright.png" align="right" border="0"
- hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="" width="16" height="16">
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
-
-</body>
-</html>
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/README.mirrors.html b/includes/etch/install/README.mirrors.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 728fb73..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/README.mirrors.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2616 +0,0 @@
-<html>
-
-<head>
- <title>Debian worldwide mirror sites</title>
-</head>
-
-<body>
-<h1 align="center">Debian worldwide mirror sites</h1>
-<p>Debian is distributed (<em>mirrored</em>) on hundreds of servers on the Internet.
-Using a nearby server will probably speed up your download, and also
-reduce the load on our central servers and on the Internet as a whole.
-
-<p>Debian mirrors can be primary and secondary. The definitions are as follows:
-
- <blockquote>
- A <strong>primary mirror</strong> site has good bandwidth, is available 24 hours a day,
- and has an easy to remember name of the form ftp.<country>.debian.org.
- <br>
- They are all automatically updated whenever there are updates to
- the Debian archive.
-
- </blockquote>
- <blockquote>
- A <strong>secondary mirror</strong> site may have restrictions on what they mirror (due to
- space restrictions). Just because a site is secondary doesn't necessarily
- mean it'll be any slower or less up to date than a primary site.
-
- </blockquote>
-<p>Use the site closest to you for the fastest downloads possible whether it is
-
-a primary or secondary site. The program
-<a href="http://packages.debian.org/stable/net/netselect">
-<em>netselect</em></a> can be used to
-determine the site with the least latency; use a download program such as
-
-<a href="http://packages.debian.org/stable/web/wget">
-<em>wget</em></a> or
-<a href="http://packages.debian.org/stable/net/rsync">
-<em>rsync</em></a> for determining the site with the most throughput.
-Note that geographic proximity often isn't the most important factor for
-determining which machine will serve you best.
-
-<p>The authoritative copy of the following list can always be found at:
-<a href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/list"> http://www.debian.org/mirror/list</a>.<br>
-If you know of any mirrors that are missing from this list,
-please have the site maintainer fill out the form at:
-<a href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/submit"> http://www.debian.org/mirror/submit</a>.<br>
-Everything else you want to know about Debian mirrors:
-<a href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/"> http://www.debian.org/mirror/</a>.<br>
-
-<h2 align="center">Primary Debian mirror sites</h2>
-
-<table border="0" align="center">
-<tr>
- <th>Country</th>
- <th>Site</th>
- <th>Architectures</th>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Austria</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/">ftp.at.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Australia</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.au.debian.org/debian/">ftp.au.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Belgium</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.be.debian.org/debian/">ftp.be.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Bulgaria</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.bg.debian.org/debian/">ftp.bg.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Brazil</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/">ftp.br.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Canada</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.ca.debian.org/debian/">ftp.ca.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Switzerland</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/">ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Chile</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.cl.debian.org/debian/">ftp.cl.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Czech Republic</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian/">ftp.cz.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Germany</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/">ftp.de.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Germany</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian/">ftp2.de.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Denmark</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.dk.debian.org/debian/">ftp.dk.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Estonia</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.ee.debian.org/debian/">ftp.ee.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Spain</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.es.debian.org/debian/">ftp.es.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Finland</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.fi.debian.org/debian/">ftp.fi.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>France</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/">ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>France</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp2.fr.debian.org/debian/">ftp2.fr.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Great Britain</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/">ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Greece</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/">ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Hong Kong</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/">ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Croatia</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/">ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Hungary</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.hu.debian.org/debian/">ftp.hu.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Ireland</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/">ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Iceland</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.is.debian.org/debian/">ftp.is.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Italy</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.it.debian.org/debian/">ftp.it.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Japan</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.jp.debian.org/debian/">ftp.jp.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Japan</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp2.jp.debian.org/debian/">ftp2.jp.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Korea</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.kr.debian.org/debian/">ftp.kr.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Mexico</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.mx.debian.org/debian/">ftp.mx.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Netherlands</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/">ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Norway</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.no.debian.org/debian/">ftp.no.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>New Zealand</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.nz.debian.org/debian/">ftp.nz.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Poland</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.pl.debian.org/debian/">ftp.pl.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Portugal</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/">ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Romania</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.ro.debian.org/debian/">ftp.ro.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Russia</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/">ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Sweden</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.se.debian.org/debian/">ftp.se.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Slovenia</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.si.debian.org/debian/">ftp.si.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 ia64 m68k powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Slovakia</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.sk.debian.org/debian/">ftp.sk.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Turkey</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.tr.debian.org/debian/">ftp.tr.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>Taiwan</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian/">ftp.tw.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
- <td>United States</td>
- <td><a href="http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/">ftp.us.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
- <td><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<h2 align="center">Secondary mirrors of the Debian archive</h2>
-
-<table border="0" align="center">
-<tr>
- <th>Host name</th>
- <th>FTP</th>
- <th>HTTP</th>
- <th>Architectures</th>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>AR Argentina</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.logiclinux.com</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.logiclinux.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ccc.uba.ar</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ccc.uba.ar/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ccc.uba.ar/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.torredehanoi.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.torredehanoi.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.torredehanoi.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>AT Austria</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.at.debian.org<br> (debian.sil.at)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>gd.tuwien.ac.at</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/opsys/linux/debian/">/opsys/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/opsys/linux/debian/">/opsys/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mur.at</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mur.at/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mur.at/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.tu-graz.ac.at</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.tu-graz.ac.at/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.tu-graz.ac.at/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.univie.ac.at</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/systems/linux/debian/debian/">/systems/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.univie.ac.at/systems/linux/debian/debian/">/systems/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.inode.at</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.inode.at/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.inode.at/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>esda.wu-wien.ac.at</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://esda.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.lagis.at</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.lagis.at/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.lagis.at/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>AU Australia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.au.debian.org<br> (mirror.linux.org.au)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.au.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.au.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.aarnet.edu.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.monash.edu.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.monash.edu.au/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.monash.edu.au/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uwa.edu.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uwa.edu.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uwa.edu.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.eftel.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.eftel.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.eftel.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.pacific.net.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.pacific.net.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.pacific.net.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.iinet.net.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.iinet.net.au/debian/debian/">/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.iinet.net.au/debian/debian/">/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.optus.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.optus.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.optus.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.cse.unsw.edu.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.cse.unsw.edu.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.cse.unsw.edu.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.3fl.net.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.3fl.net.au/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.3fl.net.au/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.netspace.net.au</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.netspace.net.au/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.netspace.net.au/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>BE Belgium</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.be.debian.org<br> (ftp.belnet.be)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.be.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.be.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.easynet.be</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.easynet.be/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.easynet.be/ftp/debian/">/ftp/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.debian.skynet.be</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.debian.skynet.be/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.debian.skynet.be/ftp/debian/">/ftp/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.be.gbxs.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.be.gbxs.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.be.gbxs.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>BG Bulgaria</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.bg.debian.org<br> (debian.spnet.net)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.bg.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.bg.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ludost.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.ludost.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ludost.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uni-sofia.bg</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uni-sofia.bg/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uni-sofia.bg/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.telecoms.bg</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.telecoms.bg/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.telecoms.bg/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mnet.bg</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mnet.bg/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mnet.bg/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.networx-bg.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.networx-bg.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.networx-bg.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>BR Brazil</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.br.debian.org<br> (debian.c3sl.ufpr.br)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.das.ufsc.br</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.das.ufsc.br/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>download.unesp.br</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://download.unesp.br/linux/debian/">/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>sft.if.usp.br</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://sft.if.usp.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>linorg.usp.br</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://linorg.usp.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://linorg.usp.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>linux.iq.usp.br</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://linux.iq.usp.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.pucpr.br</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.pucpr.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.las.ic.unicamp.br</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.las.ic.unicamp.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.las.ic.unicamp.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.pop-sc.rnp.br</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.pop-sc.rnp.br/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>BY Belarus</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>linux.org.by</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://linux.org.by/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://linux.org.by/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.mgts.by</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.mgts.by/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.mgts.by/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>CA Canada</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ca.debian.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ca.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ca.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.yorku.ca</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.yorku.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp3.nrc.ca</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp3.nrc.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp3.nrc.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>gulus.usherbrooke.ca</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://gulus.usherbrooke.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://gulus.usherbrooke.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/debian.org/debian/">/mirror/debian.org/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/debian.org/debian/">/mirror/debian.org/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.peer1.net</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.peer1.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel i386 mips mipsel powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirror.rafal.ca</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirror.rafal.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirror.rafal.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.savoirfairelinux.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.savoirfairelinux.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.savoirfairelinux.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirror.iweb.ca</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirror.iweb.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirror.iweb.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.publicns.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.publicns.net/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.publicns.net/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 armel i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>CH Switzerland</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ch.debian.org<br> (debian.ethz.ch)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.switch.ch</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/debian/">/ftp/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.csg.uzh.ch</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.csg.uzh.ch/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>CL Chile</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.cl.debian.org<br> (debian.ciencias.uchile.cl)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.cl.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.cl.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ubiobio.cl</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ubiobio.cl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.utalca.cl</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.utalca.cl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.debian.cl</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.debian.cl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.debianchile.cl</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.debianchile.cl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>CN China</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.geekbone.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.cn99.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.cn99.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.cn99.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>www.anheng.com.cn</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://www.anheng.com.cn/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://www.anheng.com.cn/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>CZ Czech Republic</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.cz.debian.org<br> (ftp.debian.cz)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.sh.cvut.cz</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.sh.cvut.cz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.sh.cvut.cz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.zcu.cz</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.zcu.cz/mirrors/debian/">/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.zcu.cz/mirrors/debian/">/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirror.web4u.cz</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirror.web4u.cz/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirror.web4u.cz/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.cvut.cz</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.cvut.cz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.cvut.cz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ignum.cz</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.ignum.cz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ignum.cz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>DE Germany</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.de.debian.org<br> (debian.inf.tu-dresden.de)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp2.de.debian.org<br> (ftp.rfc822.org)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.tu-clausthal.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.tu-clausthal.de/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 m68k mips powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.uni-duisburg-essen.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.uni-duisburg-essen.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.uni-duisburg-essen.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.freenet.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.freenet.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.freenet.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/Linux/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/ftp/pub/Linux/debian/">/ftp/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.stw-bonn.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.stw-bonn.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.stw-bonn.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.fu-berlin.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/pub/unix/linux/mirrors/debian/">/pub/unix/linux/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.tu-bs.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.tu-bs.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.tu-bs.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uni-koeln.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uni-koeln.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uni-koeln.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.tiscali.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.tiscali.de/pub/debian/debian/">/pub/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.tiscali.de/pub/debian/debian/">/pub/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm armel hurd-i386 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.tu-chemnitz.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uni-kl.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uni-kl.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uni-bayreuth.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.informatik.hu-berlin.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/Linux/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp5.gwdg.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp5.gwdg.de/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp5.gwdg.de/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.hosteurope.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de/pub/Mirrors/debian.org/debian/">/pub/Mirrors/debian.org/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.netcologne.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.netcologne.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.netcologne.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>artfiles.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://artfiles.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://artfiles.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.intergenia.de</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.intergenia.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.cruisix.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.cruisix.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.cruisix.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.rrzn.uni-hannover.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.rrzn.uni-hannover.de/debian/debian/">/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.charite.de</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.charite.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.plusline.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.plusline.de/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.plusline.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>sinclair.farm.ftbfs.de</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://sinclair.farm.ftbfs.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>DK Denmark</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.dk.debian.org<br> (mirrors.dotsrc.org)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.dk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.dk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.dkuug.dk</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.dkuug.dk/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.dkuug.dk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.here.dk</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.here.dk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.here.dk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 mips powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.uni-c.dk</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.uni-c.dk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.telianet.dk</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.telianet.dk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.telianet.dk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debianmirror.wwi.dk</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debianmirror.wwi.dk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>EE Estonia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ee.debian.org<br> (ftp.aso.ee)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ee.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ee.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>ES Spain</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.es.debian.org<br> (ulises.hostalia.com)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.es.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.es.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.rediris.es</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.rediris.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.rediris.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.cica.es</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.cica.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.cica.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.caliu.cat</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.caliu.cat/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.caliu.cat/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.gva.es</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.gva.es/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.gva.es/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.gul.uc3m.es</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.gul.uc3m.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.gul.uc3m.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.um.es</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.um.es/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>jane.uab.cat</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://jane.uab.cat/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://jane.uab.cat/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.udc.es</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.udc.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.udc.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.grn.cat</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.grn.cat/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.grn.cat/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.com.es</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.com.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.com.es/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>FI Finland</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.fi.debian.org<br> (trumpetti.atm.tut.fi)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.fi.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.fi.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.funet.fi</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/mirrors/debian/">/pub/linux/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/mirrors/debian/">/pub/linux/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.jyu.fi</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.jyu.fi/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.jyu.fi/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.seclan.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.seclan.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.seclan.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>FR France</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.fr.debian.org<br> (debian.proxad.net)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp2.fr.debian.org<br> (ftp.oleane.net)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp2.fr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp2.fr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.eudil.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.eudil.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.eudil.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.proxad.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.proxad.net/mirrors/ftp.debian.org/">/mirrors/ftp.debian.org/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.lip6.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ens-cachan.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.ens-cachan.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ens-cachan.fr/ftp/debian/">/ftp/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.u-picardie.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.u-picardie.fr/mirror/debian/">/mirror/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirrors.easynet.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirrors.easynet.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirrors.easynet.fr/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.u-strasbg.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.cict.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.cict.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.cict.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm armel hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mir1.ovh.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mir1.ovh.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mir1.ovh.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mir2.ovh.net</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mir2.ovh.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.nerim.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.nerim.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.crihan.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.crihan.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mines.inpl-nancy.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mines.inpl-nancy.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mines.inpl-nancy.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.debian.ikoula.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.debian.ikoula.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>webb.ens-cachan.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://webb.ens-cachan.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://webb.ens-cachan.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.ircam.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirror.inra.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirror.inra.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirror.inra.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.med.univ-tours.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.med.univ-tours.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.med.univ-tours.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.univ-pau.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.univ-pau.fr/pub/mirrors/debian/">/pub/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.univ-pau.fr/linux/mirrors/debian/">/linux/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.univ-nantes.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.univ-nantes.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.compuscene.org</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.compuscene.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.revolsys.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.revolsys.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.revolsys.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.univ-reims.fr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.univ-reims.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.univ-reims.fr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>GB Great Britain</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uk.debian.org<br> (debian.hands.com)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.man.ac.uk</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.man.ac.uk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>www.mirrorservice.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.debian.org/debian/">/sites/ftp.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.debian.org/debian/">/sites/ftp.debian.org/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ticklers.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ticklers.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.virginmedia.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.virginmedia.com/mirrors/ftp.debian.org">/mirrors/ftp.debian.org</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.virginmedia.com/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.positive-internet.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.positive-internet.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.positive-internet.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hppa i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>the.earth.li</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://the.earth.li/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://the.earth.li/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ukdebian.mirror.anlx.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ukdebian.mirror.anlx.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ukdebian.mirror.anlx.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.ox.ac.uk</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.zetnet.co.uk</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.zetnet.co.uk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.zetnet.co.uk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 mipsel</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>GE Georgia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ifg.gtu.ge</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ifg.gtu.ge/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>GR Greece</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.gr.debian.org<br> (ftp.ntua.gr)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.gr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.otenet.gr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.otenet.gr/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.otenet.gr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.duth.gr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.duth.gr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.duth.gr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.softnet.tuc.gr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.softnet.tuc.gr/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.softnet.tuc.gr/ftp/linux/debian/">/ftp/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.cc.uoc.gr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/linux/debian/">/mirrors/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/linux/debian/">/mirrors/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>HK Hong Kong</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.hk.debian.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>www.zentek-international.com</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://www.zentek-international.com/mirrors/debian/">/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>HR Croatia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.hr.debian.org<br> (debian.carnet.hr)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.hr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.irb.hr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.irb.hr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.irb.hr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.carnet.hr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.carnet.hr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.iskon.hr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.iskon.hr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.iskon.hr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 s390</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>HU Hungary</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.hu.debian.org<br> (ftp.fsn.hu)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.hu.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.hu.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.kfki.hu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.kfki.hu/linux/debian/">/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.bme.hu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.bme.hu/OS/Linux/dist/debian/">/OS/Linux/dist/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.bme.hu/OS/Linux/dist/debian/">/OS/Linux/dist/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirrors.crysys.hu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirrors.crysys.hu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirrors.crysys.hu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.sth.sze.hu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.sth.sze.hu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.sth.sze.hu/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>ID Indonesia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>kebo.vlsm.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://kebo.vlsm.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://kebo.vlsm.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.indika.net.id</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.indika.net.id/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>IE Ireland</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ie.debian.org<br> (debian.heanet.ie)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.esat.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.esat.net/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>IL Israel</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.co.il</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.co.il/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.isoc.org.il</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.isoc.org.il/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>IN India</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.iitm.ac.in</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.iitm.ac.in/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.iitm.ac.in/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>IS Iceland</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.is.debian.org<br> (ftp.rhnet.is)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.is.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.is.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>IT Italy</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.it.debian.org<br> (ftp.bofh.it)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.it.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.it.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>giano.com.dist.unige.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://giano.com.dist.unige.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://giano.com.dist.unige.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm armel i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.bononia.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.bononia.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.bononia.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>freedom.dicea.unifi.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://freedom.dicea.unifi.it/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://freedom.dicea.unifi.it/ftp/pub/linux/debian/">/ftp/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.eutelia.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.eutelia.it/pub/Debian_Mirror/">/pub/Debian_Mirror/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mi.mirror.garr.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mi.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/debian/">/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mi.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/debian/">/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.fastweb.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.fastweb.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.fastweb.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.unina.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.unina.it/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.dynamica.it</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.dynamica.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.dynamica.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.units.it</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.units.it/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>JP Japan</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp2.jp.debian.org<br> (ftp.debian.or.jp)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp2.jp.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp2.jp.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.jp.debian.org<br> (dennou-q.gfd-dennou.org, dennou-k.gfd-dennou.org, dennou-h.gfd-dennou.org, debian.topstudio.co.jp, www.oyu-net.jp, hanzubon.jp, ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp, ftp2.jp.debian.org)</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.jp.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ring.asahi-net.or.jp</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/archives/linux/debian/debian/">/archives/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.dti.ad.jp</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/Linux/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/Linux/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>dennou-k.gfd-dennou.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://dennou-k.gfd-dennou.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://dennou-k.gfd-dennou.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>dennou-q.gfd-dennou.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://dennou-q.gfd-dennou.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://dennou-q.gfd-dennou.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>sb.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://sb.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/DEBIAN/">/DEBIAN/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://sb.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/DEBIAN/">/DEBIAN/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.riken.jp</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/debian/debian/">/Linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/debian/debian/">/Linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.shimpinomori.net</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.shimpinomori.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>www.ring.gr.jp</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://www.ring.gr.jp/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://www.ring.gr.jp/archives/linux/debian/debian/">/archives/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.jaist.ac.jp</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/Debian/">/pub/Linux/Debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/Debian/">/pub/Linux/Debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>www.cohsoft.com</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://www.cohsoft.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>dennou-h.gfd-dennou.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://dennou-h.gfd-dennou.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://dennou-h.gfd-dennou.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>KR Korea</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.kr.debian.org<br> (ftp.kaist.ac.kr)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.kr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.kr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.daum.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.daum.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.daum.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>LT Lithuania</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ameba.sc-uni.ktu.lt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ameba.sc-uni.ktu.lt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ameba.sc-uni.ktu.lt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.balt.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.balt.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.balt.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm armel i386 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>LV Latvia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>koyanet.lv</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://koyanet.lv/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://koyanet.lv/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>MT Malta</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.eng.um.edu.mt</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.eng.um.edu.mt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>MX Mexico</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.mx.debian.org<br> (debian.unam.mx)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.mx.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.mx.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mmc.igeofcu.unam.mx</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mmc.igeofcu.unam.mx/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>NC New Caledonia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.nautile.nc</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.nautile.nc/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.nautile.nc/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>NI Nicaragua</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.uni.edu.ni</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.uni.edu.ni/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>NL Netherlands</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.nl.debian.org<br> (ftp.snt.utwente.nl)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.nluug.nl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/">/pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/">/pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.surfnet.nl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.surfnet.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/">/pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.surfnet.nl/os/Linux/distr/debian/">/os/Linux/distr/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.debian.nl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.debian.nl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.debian.nl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.tiscali.nl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.tiscali.nl/pub/mirrors/debian/">/pub/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.tiscali.nl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>NO Norway</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.no.debian.org<br> (ftp.uninett.no)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.no.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.no.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>NZ New Zealand</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.nz.debian.org<br> (ftp.citylink.co.nz)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.nz.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.nz.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ihug.co.nz</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.ihug.co.nz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ihug.co.nz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>PF French Polynesia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>repository.linux.pf</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://repository.linux.pf/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://repository.linux.pf/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>PL Poland</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.pl.debian.org<br> (ftp.task.gda.pl)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.pl.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.pl.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.icm.edu.pl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.icm.edu.pl/pub/Linux/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.icm.edu.pl/pub/Linux/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 armel hurd-i386 i386 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.man.szczecin.pl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.man.szczecin.pl/pub/Linux/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.vectranet.pl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.vectranet.pl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.vectranet.pl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.pwr.wroc.pl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.pwr.wroc.pl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.pwr.wroc.pl/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.man.poznan.pl</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>piotrkosoft.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/debian/">/pub/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/debian/">/pub/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>PT Portugal</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.pt.debian.org<br> (ftp.uevora.pt)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.eq.uc.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.eq.uc.pt/pub/software/Linux/debian/">/pub/software/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.eq.uc.pt/software/Linux/debian/">/software/Linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ua.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.ua.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ua.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.linux.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/debian/">/pub/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/debian/">/pub/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.telepac.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.nfsi.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.nfsi.pt/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.nfsi.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>neacm.fe.up.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://neacm.fe.up.pt/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://neacm.fe.up.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>cesium.di.uminho.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://cesium.di.uminho.pt/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://cesium.di.uminho.pt/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.netvisao.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.netvisao.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.netvisao.pt/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.dcc.fc.up.pt</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.dcc.fc.up.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.sim.ul.pt</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.sim.ul.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.sim.ul.pt/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>RO Romania</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ro.debian.org<br> (ftp.iasi.roedu.net)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ro.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ro.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.lug.ro</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.lug.ro/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.lug.ro/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.mikesnet.ro</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.mikesnet.ro/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.mikesnet.ro/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 mips mipsel</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>RU Russia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ru.debian.org<br> (ftp.chg.ru)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.nsu.ru</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.nsu.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.nsu.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.psn.ru</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.psn.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.psn.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.corbina.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.corbina.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.mipt.ru</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.mipt.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.yandex.ru</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.debian.chuvsu.ru</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.debian.chuvsu.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.debian.chuvsu.ru/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>SE Sweden</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.se.debian.org<br> (ftp.acc.umu.se)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.se.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.se.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.sunet.se</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/Linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/Linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.sunet.se/pub/Linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/Linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.port80.se</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.port80.se/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.port80.se/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ds.karen.hj.se</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ds.karen.hj.se/pub/os/linux/debian/">/pub/os/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ds.karen.hj.se/pub/os/linux/debian/">/pub/os/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.lth.se</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.lth.se/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.lth.se/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.df.lth.se</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.df.lth.se/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>kalle.csb.ki.se</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://kalle.csb.ki.se/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>SG Singapore</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.nus.edu.sg</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.nus.edu.sg/pub/Debian/">/pub/Debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/Debian/">/Debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>SI Slovenia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.si.debian.org<br> (ftp.camtp.uni-mb.si)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.si.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.si.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 ia64 m68k powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.arnes.si</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.arnes.si/packages/debian/">/packages/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.arnes.si/pub/packages/debian/">/pub/packages/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.prunk.si</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.prunk.si/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.prunk.si/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>SK Slovakia</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.sk.debian.org<br> (ftp.tuke.sk)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.sk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.sk.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.ynet.sk</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.ynet.sk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.debian.sk</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.debian.sk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.debian.sk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.antik.sk</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.antik.sk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.antik.sk/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>SV El Salvador</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ues.edu.sv</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.ues.edu.sv/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ues.edu.sv/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>TH Thailand</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.coe.psu.ac.th</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.coe.psu.ac.th/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.coe.psu.ac.th/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.thaios.net</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.thaios.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.debianclub.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.debianclub.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.debianclub.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>TR Turkey</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.tr.debian.org<br> (debian.ankara.edu.tr)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.tr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.tr.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.linux.org.tr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.linux.org.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.linux.org.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>godel.cs.bilgi.edu.tr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://godel.cs.bilgi.edu.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://godel.cs.bilgi.edu.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.eso-es.net</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.eso-es.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.comu.edu.tr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.comu.edu.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.comu.edu.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.metu.edu.tr</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.metu.edu.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.metu.edu.tr/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>ALL alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>TW Taiwan</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.tw.debian.org<br> (debian.linux.org.tw)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.csie.ntu.edu.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.csie.ntu.edu.tw/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.csie.ntu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.twaren.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.twaren.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.twaren.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>opensource.nchc.org.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://opensource.nchc.org.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.isu.edu.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.nctu.edu.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.nctu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.nctu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.nttu.edu.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.nttu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.nttu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.csie.nctu.edu.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.csie.nctu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.csie.nctu.edu.tw/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ncnu.edu.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ncnu.edu.tw/Linux/Debian/debian/">/Linux/Debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ncnu.edu.tw/Linux/Debian/debian/">/Linux/Debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/Linux/debian/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/Linux/debian/debian/">/pub/Linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>UA Ukraine</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.osdn.org.ua</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.osdn.org.ua/pub/Debian/debian/">/pub/Debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.osdn.org.ua/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.org.ua</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.org.ua/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.org.ua/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.3logic.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.3logic.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.mirohost.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.mirohost.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.mirohost.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp2.debian.org.ua</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>US United States</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.us.debian.org<br> (ftp.egr.msu.edu, mirrors.kernel.org, debian.osuosl.org, debian.lcs.mit.edu)</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.gtlib.gatech.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.gtlib.gatech.edu/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.gtlib.gatech.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.egr.msu.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.egr.msu.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>distro.ibiblio.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://distro.ibiblio.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 ia64</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp-mirror.internap.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.cerias.purdue.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/os/debian/">/pub/os/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/os/debian/">/pub/os/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.cs.wisc.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/linux/debian/">/pub/mirrors/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/linux/debian/">/pub/mirrors/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/linux/debian/">/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/linux/debian/">/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>natasha.stmarytx.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://natasha.stmarytx.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://natasha.stmarytx.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ndlug.nd.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/mirrors/debian/">/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.uchicago.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.uchicago.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.uchicago.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>carroll.aset.psu.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://carroll.aset.psu.edu/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://carroll.aset.psu.edu/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>gladiator.real-time.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://gladiator.real-time.com/linux/debian/">/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.kernel.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.xmission.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.xmission.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.xmission.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.lug.udel.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.lcs.mit.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.lcs.mit.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.lcs.mit.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>linux.csua.berkeley.edu</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://linux.csua.berkeley.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.silug.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.silug.org/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.silug.org/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 mips mipsel powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.secsup.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.secsup.org/pub/linux/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.secsup.org/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.osuosl.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.osuosl.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.osuosl.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.anl.gov</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.anl.gov/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.anl.gov/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>sluglug.ucsc.edu</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://sluglug.ucsc.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.geeks.org</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.geeks.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.geeks.org/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.usc.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/distributions/debian/">/pub/linux/distributions/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirrors.pair.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirrors.pair.com/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirrors.pair.com/">/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>lug.mtu.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://lug.mtu.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://lug.mtu.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 hppa i386 mips mipsel powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirrors.tds.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirrors.tds.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirrors.tds.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.cites.uiuc.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.cites.uiuc.edu/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.cites.uiuc.edu/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.tummy.com</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirrors.tummy.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.tummy.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirror.frontiernet.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirror.frontiernet.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirror.frontiernet.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>cudlug.cudenver.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://cudlug.cudenver.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://cudlug.cudenver.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>bigmirror.crossbowproject.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://bigmirror.crossbowproject.net/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.cc.columbia.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/linux/debian/debian/">/pub/linux/debian/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.grokthis.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.grokthis.net/mirrors/debian/">/mirrors/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.xenir.com</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.xenir.com/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 arm armel i386 powerpc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirrors.easynews.com</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirrors.easynews.com/linux/debian/">/linux/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.ams.sunysb.edu</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.ams.sunysb.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirrors.acm.jhu.edu</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirrors.acm.jhu.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.uga.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.uga.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.uga.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.steadfast.net</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.steadfast.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.utexas.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.utexas.edu/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.utexas.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.fdcservers.net</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.fdcservers.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.fdcservers.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.rit.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.rit.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.rit.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel i386 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.corenetworks.net</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.corenetworks.net/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>mirror.its.uidaho.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/pub/debian/">/pub/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.cs.binghamton.edu</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.cs.binghamton.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.cs.binghamton.edu/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>UZ Uzbekistan</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.snet.uz</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.snet.uz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.stream.uz</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.stream.uz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.stream.uz/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>VE Venezuela</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.unesr.edu.ve</td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.unesr.edu.ve/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.ula.ve</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.ula.ve/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.ula.ve/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr><td colspan=4><hr size=1></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan=4><big><strong>ZA South Africa</strong></big></td></tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.sun.ac.za</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://ftp.sun.ac.za/ftp/debian/">/ftp/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>amd64 i386</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>debian.mirror.ac.za</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://debian.mirror.ac.za/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><a href="http://debian.mirror.ac.za/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top>ftp.is.co.za</td>
-<td valign=top><a href="ftp://ftp.is.co.za/debian/">/debian/</a></td>
-<td></td>
-<td valign=top><small><small>alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc</small></small></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<hr>
-<table border="0" width="100%"><tr>
- <td align="left"><small>Last modified: Tue Oct 14 07:52:17 2008</small></td>
- <td align="right"><small>Number of sites listed: 417</small></td>
-</tr></table>
-</body>
-</html>
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/README.mirrors.txt b/includes/etch/install/README.mirrors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 671f955..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/README.mirrors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,657 +0,0 @@
- Debian worldwide mirror sites
- -----------------------------
-
-Debian is distributed (mirrored) on hundreds of servers on the Internet.
-Using a nearby server will probably speed up your download, and also
-reduce the load on our central servers and on the Internet as a whole.
-
-Debian mirrors can be primary and secondary. The definitions are as follows:
-
- A primary mirror site has good bandwidth, is available 24 hours a day,
- and has an easy to remember name of the form ftp.<country>.debian.org.
- They are all automatically updated whenever there are updates to
- the Debian archive.
-
- A secondary mirror site may have restrictions on what they mirror (due to
- space restrictions). Just because a site is secondary doesn't necessarily
- mean it'll be any slower or less up to date than a primary site.
-
-Use the site closest to you for the fastest downloads possible whether it is
-a primary or secondary site. The program `netselect' can be used to
-determine the site with the least latency; use a download program such as
-`wget' or `rsync' for determining the site with the most throughput.
-Note that geographic proximity often isn't the most important factor for
-determining which machine will serve you best.
-
-The authoritative copy of the following list can always be found at:
- http://www.debian.org/mirror/list
-If you know of any mirrors that are missing from this list,
-please have the site maintainer fill out the form at:
- http://www.debian.org/mirror/submit
-Everything else you want to know about Debian mirrors:
- http://www.debian.org/mirror/
-
-
- Primary Debian mirror sites
- ---------------------------
-
- Country Site Debian archive Architectures
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Austria ftp.at.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Australia ftp.au.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Belgium ftp.be.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Bulgaria ftp.bg.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Brazil ftp.br.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Canada ftp.ca.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Switzerland ftp.ch.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Chile ftp.cl.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Czech Republic ftp.cz.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Germany ftp.de.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Germany ftp2.de.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Denmark ftp.dk.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Estonia ftp.ee.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Spain ftp.es.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Finland ftp.fi.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- France ftp.fr.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- France ftp2.fr.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Great Britain ftp.uk.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Greece ftp.gr.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Hong Kong ftp.hk.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
- Croatia ftp.hr.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Hungary ftp.hu.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Ireland ftp.ie.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Iceland ftp.is.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Italy ftp.it.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Japan ftp.jp.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Japan ftp2.jp.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Korea ftp.kr.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Mexico ftp.mx.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Netherlands ftp.nl.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Norway ftp.no.debian.org /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
- New Zealand ftp.nz.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Poland ftp.pl.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Portugal ftp.pt.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Romania ftp.ro.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Russia ftp.ru.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Sweden ftp.se.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Slovenia ftp.si.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 i386 ia64 m68k powerpc sparc
- Slovakia ftp.sk.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Turkey ftp.tr.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- Taiwan ftp.tw.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- United States ftp.us.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-
- Secondary mirrors of the Debian archive
- ---------------------------------------
-
-HOST NAME FTP HTTP ARCHITECTURES
---------- --- ---- -------------
-
-AR Argentina
-------------
-debian.logiclinux.com /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.ccc.uba.ar /pub/linux/debian/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.torredehanoi.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-AT Austria
-----------
-ftp.at.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.sil.at)
-gd.tuwien.ac.at /opsys/linux/debian/ /opsys/linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.mur.at /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64
-ftp.tu-graz.ac.at /mirror/debian/ /mirror/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.univie.ac.at /systems/linux/debian/debian/ /systems/linux/debian/debian/ i386
-debian.inode.at /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel i386 powerpc sparc
-esda.wu-wien.ac.at /pub/debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-debian.lagis.at /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-AU Australia
-------------
-ftp.au.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (mirror.linux.org.au)
-mirror.aarnet.edu.au /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.monash.edu.au /pub/linux/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.uwa.edu.au /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.eftel.com /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.pacific.net.au /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.iinet.net.au /debian/debian/ /debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.optus.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.cse.unsw.edu.au /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc
-mirror.3fl.net.au /pub/debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.netspace.net.au /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-BE Belgium
-----------
-ftp.be.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.belnet.be)
-ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.easynet.be /debian/ /ftp/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.debian.skynet.be /debian/ /ftp/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.be.gbxs.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-BG Bulgaria
------------
-ftp.bg.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.spnet.net)
-debian.ludost.net /debian/ /debian/ i386
-ftp.uni-sofia.bg /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.telecoms.bg /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.mnet.bg /debian/ /debian/ i386
-debian.networx-bg.com /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-BR Brazil
----------
-ftp.br.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.c3sl.ufpr.br)
-debian.das.ufsc.br /pub/debian/ amd64 i386
-download.unesp.br /linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-sft.if.usp.br /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-linorg.usp.br /debian/ /debian/ i386
-linux.iq.usp.br /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.pucpr.br /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-debian.las.ic.unicamp.br /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc sparc
-debian.pop-sc.rnp.br /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-BY Belarus
-----------
-linux.org.by /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.mgts.by /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-CA Canada
----------
-ftp.ca.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.yorku.ca /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp3.nrc.ca /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-gulus.usherbrooke.ca /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca /mirror/debian.org/debian/ /mirror/debian.org/debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.peer1.net /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel i386 mips mipsel powerpc sparc
-debian.mirror.rafal.ca /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.savoirfairelinux.net /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-debian.mirror.iweb.ca /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.publicns.net /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ amd64 armel i386
-mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-CH Switzerland
---------------
-ftp.ch.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.ethz.ch)
-mirror.switch.ch /mirror/debian/ /ftp/mirror/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.csg.uzh.ch /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-CL Chile
---------
-ftp.cl.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.ciencias.uchile.cl)
-debian.ubiobio.cl /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-debian.utalca.cl /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.debian.cl /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.debianchile.cl /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-CN China
---------
-mirrors.geekbone.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.cn99.com /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-www.anheng.com.cn /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-CZ Czech Republic
------------------
-ftp.cz.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.debian.cz)
-debian.sh.cvut.cz /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.zcu.cz /mirrors/debian/ /mirrors/debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.mirror.web4u.cz / / amd64 i386
-ftp.cvut.cz /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64
-debian.ignum.cz /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-DE Germany
-----------
-ftp.de.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.inf.tu-dresden.de)
-ftp2.de.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.rfc822.org)
-ftp.tu-clausthal.de /pub/linux/debian/ amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 m68k mips powerpc sparc
-debian.uni-duisburg-essen.de /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.freenet.de /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de /pub/Linux/debian/ /ftp/pub/Linux/debian/ alpha amd64 i386 powerpc sparc
-ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.stw-bonn.de /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.fu-berlin.de /pub/unix/linux/mirrors/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.tu-bs.de /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.uni-koeln.de /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 i386 powerpc sparc
-ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de /pub/linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.tiscali.de /pub/debian/debian/ /pub/debian/debian/ amd64 arm armel hurd-i386 i386 ia64
-ftp.tu-chemnitz.de /pub/linux/debian/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.uni-kl.de /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-ftp.uni-bayreuth.de /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.informatik.hu-berlin.de /pub/Linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp5.gwdg.de /pub/linux/debian/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.hosteurope.de /pub/linux/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de /pub/Mirrors/debian.org/debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc
-debian.netcologne.de /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-artfiles.org /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.intergenia.de /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.cruisix.net /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-ftp.rrzn.uni-hannover.de /debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.charite.de /debian/ i386
-ftp.plusline.de /pub/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-sinclair.farm.ftbfs.de /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-DK Denmark
-----------
-ftp.dk.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (mirrors.dotsrc.org)
-ftp.dkuug.dk /pub/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.here.dk /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 mips powerpc
-debian.uni-c.dk /debian/ alpha amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc
-mirrors.telianet.dk /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc sparc
-debianmirror.wwi.dk /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-EE Estonia
-----------
-ftp.ee.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.aso.ee)
-
-ES Spain
---------
-ftp.es.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ulises.hostalia.com)
-ftp.rediris.es /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-ftp.cica.es /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.caliu.cat /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc
-ftp.gva.es /mirror/debian/ /mirror/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.gul.uc3m.es /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.um.es /mirror/debian/ i386
-jane.uab.cat /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.udc.es /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.grn.cat /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc
-debian.com.es /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-FI Finland
-----------
-ftp.fi.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (trumpetti.atm.tut.fi)
-ftp.funet.fi /pub/linux/mirrors/debian/ /pub/linux/mirrors/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.jyu.fi /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc
-ftp.seclan.com /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-
-FR France
----------
-ftp.fr.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.proxad.net)
-ftp2.fr.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.oleane.net)
-ftp.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.eudil.fr /debian/ /debian/ alpha arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.proxad.net /mirrors/ftp.debian.org/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.lip6.fr /pub/linux/distributions/debian//pub/linux/distributions/debian/amd64 i386
-debian.ens-cachan.fr /debian/ /ftp/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.u-picardie.fr /mirror/debian/ /mirror/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.mirrors.easynet.fr /debian/ / alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.u-strasbg.fr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k powerpc sparc
-debian.cict.fr /debian/ /debian/ amd64 arm armel hurd-i386 i386
-mir1.ovh.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mir2.ovh.net /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.nerim.net /debian/ /debian/ i386
-ftp.crihan.fr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.mines.inpl-nancy.fr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.debian.ikoula.com /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-webb.ens-cachan.fr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirrors.ircam.fr /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc sparc
-debian.mirror.inra.fr /debian/ /debian/ amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-debian.med.univ-tours.fr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.univ-pau.fr /pub/mirrors/debian/ /linux/mirrors/debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.univ-nantes.fr /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirrors.compuscene.org /debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.revolsys.fr /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.univ-reims.fr /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-GB Great Britain
-----------------
-ftp.uk.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.hands.com)
-debian.man.ac.uk /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-www.mirrorservice.org /sites/ftp.debian.org/debian/ /sites/ftp.debian.org/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.ticklers.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.virginmedia.com /mirrors/ftp.debian.org / alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.positive-internet.com /debian/ /debian/ amd64 hppa i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-the.earth.li /debian/ /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-ukdebian.mirror.anlx.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.ox.ac.uk /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.zetnet.co.uk /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 mipsel
-
-GE Georgia
-----------
-ftp.ifg.gtu.ge /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-GR Greece
----------
-ftp.gr.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.ntua.gr)
-debian.otenet.gr /pub/linux/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.duth.gr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.softnet.tuc.gr /pub/linux/debian/ /ftp/linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.cc.uoc.gr /mirrors/linux/debian/ /mirrors/linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-HK Hong Kong
-------------
-ftp.hk.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-www.zentek-international.com /mirrors/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-HR Croatia
-----------
-ftp.hr.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.carnet.hr)
-ftp.irb.hr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.carnet.hr /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.iskon.hr /debian/ /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 s390
-
-HU Hungary
-----------
-ftp.hu.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.fsn.hu)
-ftp.kfki.hu /pub/linux/debian/ /linux/debian/ alpha arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.bme.hu /OS/Linux/dist/debian/ /OS/Linux/dist/debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64
-debian.mirrors.crysys.hu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.sth.sze.hu /debian/ / amd64 i386 ia64
-
-ID Indonesia
-------------
-kebo.vlsm.org /debian/ /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc
-debian.indika.net.id /debian/ i386
-
-IE Ireland
-----------
-ftp.ie.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.heanet.ie)
-ftp.esat.net /pub/linux/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-IL Israel
----------
-debian.co.il /debian/ i386
-mirror.isoc.org.il /pub/debian/ amd64 i386
-
-IN India
---------
-ftp.iitm.ac.in /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-IS Iceland
-----------
-ftp.is.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.rhnet.is)
-
-IT Italy
---------
-ftp.it.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.bofh.it)
-giano.com.dist.unige.it /debian/ /debian/ amd64 arm armel i386
-ftp.bononia.it /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-freedom.dicea.unifi.it /pub/linux/debian/ /ftp/pub/linux/debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-ftp.eutelia.it /pub/Debian_Mirror/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mi.mirror.garr.it /mirrors/debian/ /mirrors/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.fastweb.it /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.unina.it /pub/linux/distributions/debian//pub/linux/distributions/debian/alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.dynamica.it /debian/ /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 powerpc
-mirror.units.it /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-JP Japan
---------
-ftp2.jp.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.debian.or.jp)
-ftp.jp.debian.org /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (dennou-q.gfd-dennou.org, dennou-k.gfd-dennou.org, dennou-h.gfd-dennou.org, debian.topstudio.co.jp, www.oyu-net.jp, hanzubon.jp, ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp, ftp2.jp.debian.org)
-ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ring.asahi-net.or.jp /pub/linux/debian/debian/ /archives/linux/debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.dti.ad.jp /pub/Linux/debian/ /pub/Linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-dennou-k.gfd-dennou.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-dennou-q.gfd-dennou.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-sb.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp /DEBIAN/ /DEBIAN/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc
-ftp.riken.jp /Linux/debian/debian/ /Linux/debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.shimpinomori.net /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-www.ring.gr.jp /pub/linux/debian/debian/ /archives/linux/debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.jaist.ac.jp /pub/Linux/Debian/ /pub/Linux/Debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-www.cohsoft.com /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc
-dennou-h.gfd-dennou.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-KR Korea
---------
-ftp.kr.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.kaist.ac.kr)
-ftp.daum.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-LT Lithuania
-------------
-ameba.sc-uni.ktu.lt /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.balt.net /debian/ /debian/ amd64 arm armel i386 sparc
-
-LV Latvia
----------
-koyanet.lv /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-MT Malta
---------
-debian.eng.um.edu.mt /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-MX Mexico
----------
-ftp.mx.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.unam.mx)
-mmc.igeofcu.unam.mx /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64
-
-NC New Caledonia
-----------------
-debian.nautile.nc /debian/ /debian/ amd64 arm i386
-
-NI Nicaragua
-------------
-debian.uni.edu.ni /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-
-NL Netherlands
---------------
-ftp.nl.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.snt.utwente.nl)
-ftp.nluug.nl /pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/ /pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.surfnet.nl /pub/os/Linux/distr/debian/ /os/Linux/distr/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.debian.nl /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.tiscali.nl /pub/mirrors/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-NO Norway
----------
-ftp.no.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
- (ftp.uninett.no)
-
-NZ New Zealand
---------------
-ftp.nz.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.citylink.co.nz)
-debian.ihug.co.nz /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-PF French Polynesia
--------------------
-repository.linux.pf /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-PL Poland
----------
-ftp.pl.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.task.gda.pl)
-ftp.icm.edu.pl /pub/Linux/debian/ /pub/Linux/debian/ alpha amd64 armel hurd-i386 i386 sparc
-ftp.man.szczecin.pl /pub/Linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.vectranet.pl /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.pwr.wroc.pl /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.man.poznan.pl /pub/linux/debian/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-piotrkosoft.net /pub/mirrors/debian/ /pub/mirrors/debian/ amd64 i386
-
-PT Portugal
------------
-ftp.pt.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.uevora.pt)
-ftp.eq.uc.pt /pub/software/Linux/debian/ /software/Linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.ua.pt /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.linux.pt /pub/mirrors/debian/ /pub/mirrors/debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-ftp.telepac.pt /pub/debian/ amd64 i386 sparc
-mirrors.nfsi.pt /pub/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-neacm.fe.up.pt /pub/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-cesium.di.uminho.pt /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.netvisao.pt /debian/ / alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.dcc.fc.up.pt /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc
-mirror.sim.ul.pt /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-RO Romania
-----------
-ftp.ro.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.iasi.roedu.net)
-ftp.lug.ro /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-ftp.mikesnet.ro /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 mips mipsel
-
-RU Russia
----------
-ftp.ru.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.chg.ru)
-debian.nsu.ru /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.psn.ru /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-ftp.corbina.net /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64
-ftp.mipt.ru /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.yandex.ru /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.debian.chuvsu.ru /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-SE Sweden
----------
-ftp.se.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.acc.umu.se)
-ftp.sunet.se /pub/Linux/distributions/debian//pub/Linux/distributions/debian/alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.port80.se /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.ds.karen.hj.se /pub/os/linux/debian/ /pub/os/linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.lth.se /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.df.lth.se /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-kalle.csb.ki.se /debian/ amd64 arm i386
-
-SG Singapore
-------------
-mirror.nus.edu.sg /pub/Debian/ /Debian/ amd64 i386
-
-SI Slovenia
------------
-ftp.si.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 i386 ia64 m68k powerpc sparc
- (ftp.camtp.uni-mb.si)
-ftp.arnes.si /packages/debian/ /pub/packages/debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-debian.prunk.si /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-SK Slovakia
------------
-ftp.sk.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.tuke.sk)
-mirror.ynet.sk /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.debian.sk /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.antik.sk /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-SV El Salvador
---------------
-debian.ues.edu.sv /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64
-
-TH Thailand
------------
-ftp.coe.psu.ac.th /debian/ /debian/ i386
-ftp.thaios.net /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.debianclub.org /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-TR Turkey
----------
-ftp.tr.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.ankara.edu.tr)
-ftp.linux.org.tr /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-godel.cs.bilgi.edu.tr /debian/ /debian/ hurd-i386 i386
-debian.eso-es.net /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 sparc
-debian.comu.edu.tr /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-ftp.metu.edu.tr /debian/ /debian/ ALL alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-TW Taiwan
----------
-ftp.tw.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (debian.linux.org.tw)
-debian.csie.ntu.edu.tw /pub/debian/ /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386
-ftp.twaren.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-opensource.nchc.org.tw /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.isu.edu.tw /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.nctu.edu.tw /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.nttu.edu.tw /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.csie.nctu.edu.tw /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.ncnu.edu.tw /Linux/Debian/debian/ /Linux/Debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw /pub/Linux/debian/debian/ /pub/Linux/debian/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-UA Ukraine
-----------
-debian.osdn.org.ua /pub/Debian/debian/ /debian/ i386
-debian.org.ua /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.3logic.net /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.mirohost.net /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp2.debian.org.ua /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-
-US United States
-----------------
-ftp.us.debian.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
- (ftp.egr.msu.edu, mirrors.kernel.org, debian.osuosl.org, debian.lcs.mit.edu)
-ftp.gtlib.gatech.edu /pub/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.egr.msu.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-distro.ibiblio.org /pub/linux/distributions/debian//debian/ amd64 i386 ia64
-ftp-mirror.internap.com /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.cerias.purdue.edu /pub/os/debian/ /pub/os/debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-mirror.cs.wisc.edu /pub/mirrors/linux/debian/ /pub/mirrors/linux/debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu /linux/debian/ /linux/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-natasha.stmarytx.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.ndlug.nd.edu /debian/ /mirrors/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.uchicago.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-carroll.aset.psu.edu /pub/linux/distributions/debian//pub/linux/distributions/debian/alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-gladiator.real-time.com /linux/debian/ alpha amd64 i386 powerpc sparc
-mirrors.kernel.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirrors.xmission.com /debian/ /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc
-ftp.lug.udel.edu /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc
-debian.lcs.mit.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-linux.csua.berkeley.edu /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.silug.org /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa i386 mips mipsel powerpc sparc
-debian.secsup.org /pub/linux/debian/ / alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.osuosl.org /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.anl.gov /pub/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-sluglug.ucsc.edu /debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 powerpc sparc
-mirrors.geeks.org /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirrors.usc.edu /pub/linux/distributions/debian//pub/linux/distributions/debian/alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.mirrors.pair.com / / alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-lug.mtu.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 hppa i386 mips mipsel powerpc sparc
-debian.mirrors.tds.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.cites.uiuc.edu /pub/debian/ /pub/debian/ amd64 hurd-i386 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-mirrors.tummy.com /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.mirror.frontiernet.net /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-cudlug.cudenver.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-bigmirror.crossbowproject.net /pub/debian/ alpha arm armel hppa i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.cc.columbia.edu /pub/linux/debian/debian/ /pub/linux/debian/debian/ amd64 i386 powerpc
-ftp.grokthis.net /mirrors/debian/ amd64 i386
-mirrors.xenir.com /debian/ amd64 arm armel i386 powerpc
-debian.mirrors.easynews.com /linux/debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.ams.sunysb.edu /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirrors.acm.jhu.edu /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.uga.edu /debian/ /debian/ i386
-mirror.steadfast.net /debian/ amd64 i386
-ftp.utexas.edu /pub/debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-mirror.fdcservers.net /debian/ /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.rit.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel i386 powerpc sparc
-debian.corenetworks.net /debian/ amd64 i386
-mirror.its.uidaho.edu /debian/ /pub/debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-debian.cs.binghamton.edu /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-UZ Uzbekistan
--------------
-debian.snet.uz /debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.stream.uz /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
-VE Venezuela
-------------
-debian.unesr.edu.ve /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.ula.ve /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 i386 ia64 powerpc sparc
-
-ZA South Africa
----------------
-ftp.sun.ac.za /debian/ /ftp/debian/ amd64 i386
-debian.mirror.ac.za /debian/ /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-ftp.is.co.za /debian/ alpha amd64 arm armel hppa hurd-i386 i386 ia64 m68k mips mipsel powerpc s390 sparc
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Last modified: Tue Oct 14 07:52:17 2008 Number of sites listed: 417
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/README.txt b/includes/etch/install/README.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index dc1ddbd..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/README.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-
- (HTML version in README.html)
-
- Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r5 "Etch" - Official i386 BC Binary-1
- 20081024-15:52
-
-
-
- CONTENTS:
-
- * Intro
- * About This Disc
- * Installing
- * Last-Minute Notes
- * Using CDs/DVDs with apt
- * CD/DVD Manufacturers
- * More Information
-
-
- Welcome to the exciting world of
- Debian GNU/Linux!
-
-Intro
-=====
-
- This is one disc in a set containing the Debian GNU/Linux
- distribution. Debian is a very extensive collection of software. But
- it is more. It is a complete Operating System (OS) for your computer.
- And it is free (as in "freedom").
-
- An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that
- make your computer run. At the core of an operating system is the
- kernel. The kernel is the most fundamental program on the computer,
- which does all the basic housekeeping and lets you start other
- programs. Debian is kernel independent. It currently uses the Linux
- kernel but work is in progress to provide Debian for other kernels,
- using the Hurd. Most of the basic operating system tools come from the
- GNU project; hence the name GNU/Linux.
-
- Debian is available for various kinds of computers ("architectures"),
- like "IBM-compatible" PCs (i386), Compaq's Alpha, Sun's Sparc,
- Motorola/IBM's PowerPC, and (Strong)ARM processors. Check the ports
- page (http://www.debian.org/ports) for more information.
-
- Read more at
-
- http://www.debian.org/intro/about
-
-
-About This Disc
-=============
-
- This disc is labeled
-
- Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r5 "Etch" - Official i386 BC Binary-1
- 20081024-15:52
-
- which means that this disc is number 1 of a set of 1 discs. The
- packages on this disc contain programs ("binaries") for 'ARCH'
- computers.
-
- The packages on the Binary discs are ordered by popularity. The
- Binary-1 disc contains the most popular programs and the installation
- tools; it is possible to install and run Debian with only the Binary-1
- disc. It is unlikely that you will need all of the 1 discs in
- the set. The higher the number in the set, the less likely it is that
- you will use any of the packages on that disc; higher-number images
- contain mostly special-interest programs.
-
- The Release Notes for "etch" are available on the Debian web site.
-
-
-Installing
-==========
-
- Because Debian is a complete Operating System, the installation
- procedure may seem a bit unusual. You can install Debian GNU/Linux
- either alongside your current OS, or as the only OS on your computer.
-
- An Installation Guide for this disc is available from the Debian web
- site.
-
- Programs and other files that are needed for the installation can be
- found on this disc under
-
- /tools/ and /install/floppy/
-
- For the impatient ones: you can start the installation program easily
- by booting off this disc. Note that not all (esp. older) systems
- support this.
-
- You can examine the
-
- /install
-
- directory; you might be able to start the installation system directly
- from there.
-
-
-Last-Minute Notes
-=================
-
- * This is an official release of the Debian system. Please report
- any bugs you find in the Debian Bug Tracking System; details at
- [1]bugs.debian.org.
- * If you're reporting bugs against this disc or the installation
- system, please also mention the version of this disc; this can be
- found in the file /.disk/info.
-
-
-
-Using Apt
-=============
-
- After installing or upgrading, Debian's packaging system can use CDs,
- DVDs, local collections, or networked servers (FTP, HTTP) to
- automatically install software from (.deb packages). This is done
- preferably with the 'apt' and 'aptitude' programs.
-
- You can install packages from the commandline using aptitude. For
- example, if you want to install the packages 'commprog' and 'maxgame',
- you can give the command
-
- aptitude install commprog maxgame
-
- Note that you don't have to enter the complete path, or the '.deb'
- extension. 'Apt' will figure this out itself.
-
- Or use aptitude for a full screen interactive selection of available
- Debian packages.
-
-
-CD/DVD Manufacturers
-================
-
- You are completely free to manufacture and re-distribute CDs/DVDs of
- the Debian GNU/Linux Operating System, like this one. There is no
- charge from us (but of course donations are always welcome).
-
- For all needed information and contact addresses, please refer to
-
- http://www.debian.org/CD/
-
-
-More Information
-================
-
- There is much more information present on this disc. Besides the
- already mentioned installation and upgrading procedures, this is the
- most interesting:
-
- * /doc/FAQ Debian FAQ
- * /doc/constitution.txt The Debian Constitution
- * /doc/debian-manifesto The Debian Manifesto
- * /doc/social-contract.txt Debian's Social Contract
- * /doc/bug-reporting.txt Bug reporting instructions
-
- Also on the Internet are many resources. To name a few:
-
- * http://www.debian.org The Debian homepage
- * http://www.debian.org/doc Debian Documentation
- * http://www.debian.org/support Debian User Support
- * http://www.tldp.org The Linux Documentation Project
- * http://www.linux.org General Linux homepage
-
-
-
- See the Debian contact page (http://www.debian.org/contact) for
- information on contacting us.
-
-References
-
- 1. http://bugs.debian.org/
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/autorun.bat b/includes/etch/install/autorun.bat
deleted file mode 100644
index 4718afe..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/autorun.bat
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
- at echo Starting "README.html"...
- at start README.html
- at exit
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/autorun.inf b/includes/etch/install/autorun.inf
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b28f75..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/autorun.inf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[autorun]
-open=autorun.bat
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/pics/blue-lowerleft.png b/includes/etch/install/pics/blue-lowerleft.png
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index 2a2245e..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/pics/blue-lowerright.png b/includes/etch/install/pics/blue-lowerright.png
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/pics/debian.jpg b/includes/etch/install/pics/debian.jpg
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/pics/logo-50.jpg b/includes/etch/install/pics/logo-50.jpg
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/pics/red-lowerleft.png b/includes/etch/install/pics/red-lowerleft.png
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/pics/red-upperleft.png b/includes/etch/install/pics/red-upperleft.png
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/pics/red-upperright.png b/includes/etch/install/pics/red-upperright.png
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/README b/includes/etch/install/tools/README
deleted file mode 100644
index bc56f93..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/tools/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-/debian/tools contains MS-DOS tools for installing and booting Linux.
-
-fips20.zip Non-destructively split harddisk partitions (works with FAT32)
-gzip124.exe gzip for DOS
-lodlin16.zip load Linux kernel from DOS
-rawrite1.zip rawrite version 1.3 (rawrite 2.0 is much faster, but
-rawrite2.zip rawrite version 2.0 it locks up on some machines.)
-unz512x3.exe Info-ZIP's free UnZipper for DOS
-rwwrtwin.zip Win32 version of rawrite runs on Windows 95, NT, 98, 2000,
- ME, XP and probably later versions.
-diskio.zip Under 95, 98 & ME you need diskio.dll. It must be in
- the same directory as rwwrtwin.exe. (uncompressed)
-md5sum-w32.zip Win32 version of md5sum
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/diskio.zip b/includes/etch/install/tools/diskio.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index b30fa96..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/fips20.zip b/includes/etch/install/tools/fips20.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index c4a64b6..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/gzip124.exe b/includes/etch/install/tools/gzip124.exe
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a8d137..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/lodlin16.zip b/includes/etch/install/tools/lodlin16.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index da30b2d..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/md5sum-w32.zip b/includes/etch/install/tools/md5sum-w32.zip
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/rawrite1.zip b/includes/etch/install/tools/rawrite1.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index abdc229..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/rawrite2.zip b/includes/etch/install/tools/rawrite2.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index aa33885..0000000
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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/rwwrtwin.zip b/includes/etch/install/tools/rwwrtwin.zip
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c3fd11..0000000
Binary files a/includes/etch/install/tools/rwwrtwin.zip and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/src/md5sum-w32_1.1.dsc b/includes/etch/install/tools/src/md5sum-w32_1.1.dsc
deleted file mode 100644
index 44393f8..0000000
--- a/includes/etch/install/tools/src/md5sum-w32_1.1.dsc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
------BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
-Hash: SHA1
-
-Format: 1.0
-Source: md5sum-w32
-Version: 1.1
-Binary: md5sum-w32
-Maintainer: Bas Zoetekouw <bas at debian.org>
-Architecture: any
-Standards-Version: 3.5.2
-Build-Depends: debhelper (>> 3.0.0), mingw32, zip
-Files:
- b5741a5c7e027ee1e9242163c5eb711b 7617 md5sum-w32_1.1.tar.gz
-
------BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
-Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux)
-
-iQEXAwUBPXo9/Z6S+2TcVAFTFAKpcwP/bDWljR/VQxCFtjg4epqZczN5MRWHQ0Qc
-qjRw5F0of0V0jELCVClRGl68VBX96o3tJSGvhCkXqT3UXQYd1vsiakHQotcEib3V
-r07De88Bzxm9NE43AR/98TU+9niIkrOmkbxGJQXU3puKMXd/WpCw4XgNOYT6A1hg
-7ugByZ32x9ID/RtIpCehPvrqCVn8J1v2dTam3m3obGt6yESg+2PcxzEeIVwN3jb3
-AwkLTKi7VyelSmMWPdJUxsMZvGmBFyjjNqwZeMYPnuGS60sHxREHA/heDsM1hIbS
-7PZ9hcPXw588Y79ItGFZY4Rfdc0cJQSTkPvt2z5gAk1Eeii5kzCC25nZ
-=aPY9
------END PGP SIGNATURE-----
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/src/md5sum-w32_1.1.tar.gz b/includes/etch/install/tools/src/md5sum-w32_1.1.tar.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index bf42ec8..0000000
Binary files a/includes/etch/install/tools/src/md5sum-w32_1.1.tar.gz and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/includes/etch/install/tools/unz512x3.exe b/includes/etch/install/tools/unz512x3.exe
deleted file mode 100644
index e8b36c8..0000000
Binary files a/includes/etch/install/tools/unz512x3.exe and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/lists/debian-forensics b/lists/debian-forensics
index 1da0f8e..6d3ae7d 100644
--- a/lists/debian-forensics
+++ b/lists/debian-forensics
@@ -5,13 +5,8 @@
# http://qa.debian.org/developer.php?login=forensics-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org
-# packages already part since etch
-gpart sleuthkit tct wipe
-
-#if DISTRIBUTION lenny squeeze sid
-ext3grep galleta grokevt memdump missidentify myrescue pasco reglookup
-scrounge-ntfs ssdeep tableau-parm unhide
-#endif
+ext3grep galleta gpart grokevt memdump missidentify myrescue pasco reglookup
+scrounge-ntfs sleuthkit ssdeep tableau-parm tct unhide wipe
#if DISTRIBUTION squeeze sid
aesfix aeskeyfind chaosreader guymager ewf-tools md5deep pipebench
diff --git a/lists/debian-live b/lists/debian-live
index 5ac9607..e2dd585 100644
--- a/lists/debian-live
+++ b/lists/debian-live
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ aufs-tools aufs-source
qemu kqemu-source
kvm kvm-source
squashfs-tools squashfs-source
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch
-unionfs-tools unionfs-source
-#endif
#linux-headers-2.6-all
# netboot/pxe
diff --git a/lists/kde-core b/lists/kde-core
index 5e5a7f3..1430df7 100644
--- a/lists/kde-core
+++ b/lists/kde-core
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
## LH: KDE Core
#include <standard-x11>
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch lenny
+#if DISTRIBUTION lenny
kde-core
#endif
#if DISTRIBUTION squeeze sid
diff --git a/lists/rescue b/lists/rescue
index dd9b585..f42bbf2 100644
--- a/lists/rescue
+++ b/lists/rescue
@@ -51,10 +51,6 @@ cpuburn stress
read-edid
#endif
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch
-sysutils
-#endif
-
# Browser
lynx links2 w3m
@@ -62,7 +58,7 @@ lynx links2 w3m
arj bzip2 lzma p7zip-full unace unrar-free unzip zip lzop ncompress
unace pax
-#if CATEGORIES non-free
+#if ARCHIVE_AREAS non-free
rar unrar
sl-modem-daemon
atmel-firmware linux-wlan-ng-firmware firmware-ralink bluez-firmware
@@ -71,12 +67,9 @@ firmware-qlogic firmware-bnx2
#endif
# These two are from contrib but the idea is the same: non-free firmware.
-#if CATEGORIES contrib
+#if ARCHIVE_AREAS contrib
b43-fwcutter
#endif
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch
-bcm43xx-fwcutter
-#endif
# Backup
dar gddrescue dump ddrescue
@@ -136,10 +129,6 @@ portsentry
vlan
zorp
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch
-reaim
-#endif
-
# Essential networking
netbase
rdate
@@ -169,9 +158,6 @@ iputils-tracepath
mrt
mtr-tiny
tcptraceroute
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch
-traceproto
-#endif
traceroute
spinner
@@ -213,9 +199,6 @@ crashme
dbench
doscan
dsniff
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch
-fragrouter
-#endif
honeyd
hping3
icmpush
@@ -229,7 +212,7 @@ ndisc6
ngrep
p0f
packit
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch lenny
+#if DISTRIBUTION lenny
paketto
sing
#endif
@@ -257,9 +240,6 @@ squashfs-tools
sshfs
sysfsutils
udftools
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch
-unionfs-tools
-#endif
xfsdump
xfsprogs
#if DISTRIBUTION sid
diff --git a/lists/studio b/lists/studio
index 7f967f7..24ede73 100644
--- a/lists/studio
+++ b/lists/studio
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
alsa-tools
alsa-tools-gui
-#if DISTRIBUTION etch sid
+#if DISTRIBUTION sid
ardour-gtk
#endif
ams
diff --git a/templates/casper/parameters.txt b/templates/casper/parameters.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index dcc04fc..0000000
--- a/templates/casper/parameters.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-Boot Parameters for Debian Live
--------------------------------
-
-Updated for casper 1.77+debian-7 on 2007-02-08.
-
-These options (can be combined) work from the syslinux bootprompt:
-
-casper casper-getty
-casper xdebconf
-casper hostname=HOSTNAME
-casper userfullname=USERFULLNAME
-casper username=USERNAME
-casper {keyb|kbd-chooser/method}=KEYBOARD
-casper {klayout|console-setup/layoutcode}=LAYOUT
-casper {kvariant|console-setup/variantcode}=VARIANT ,
-casper {kmodel|console-setup/modelcode}=CODE , koptions=OPTIONS
-casper ip=IFACE,ADDRESS,NETMASK,GATEWAY[:IFACE,ADDRESS,NETMASK,GATEWAY]*
-casper ip[=frommedia]
-casper {live-media|bootfrom}=DEVICE
-casper live-media-offset=BYTES
-casper locale=LOCALE | debian-installer/locale=LOCALE
-casper netboot[=nfs|cifs]
-casper persistent
-casper nopersistent
-casper showmounts
-casper todisk=DEVICE
-casper toram
-casper {preseed/file|file}=FILE
-casper package/question=VALUE
-
-Values for the vga kernel parameter:
-
-Colours 640x400 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1152x864 1280x1024 1600x1200
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------
- 4 bits | ? ? 0x302 ? ? ? ?
- 8 bits | 0x300 0x301 0x303 0x305 0x161 0x307 0x31C
-15 bits | ? 0x310 0x313 0x316 0x162 0x319 0x31D
-16 bits | ? 0x311 0x314 0x317 0x163 0x31A 0x31E
-24 bits | ? 0x312 0x315 0x318 ? 0x31B 0x31F
-32 bits | ? ? ? ? 0x164 ?
-
-Colours 640x400 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1152x864 1280x1024 1600x1200
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------
- 4 bits | ? ? 770 ? ? ? ?
- 8 bits | 768 769 771 773 353 775 796
-15 bits | ? 784 787 790 354 793 797
-16 bits | ? 758 788 791 355 794 798
-24 bits | ? 786 789 792 ? 795 799
-32 bits | ? ? ? ? 356 ?
--
live-helper
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