[debian-edu-commits] [Debian Wiki] Update of "DebianEdu/Documentation/en/ITIL/InfrastructureSetup" by AlexanderAlemayhu

Wed Apr 15 18:16:19 UTC 2015

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The "DebianEdu/Documentation/en/ITIL/InfrastructureSetup" page has been changed by AlexanderAlemayhu:
https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/en/ITIL/InfrastructureSetup?action=diff&rev1=6&rev2=7

  
   * {{attachment:bilder51.png}}
  
- This is a relatively small step, with just a few handgrips, which makes it easy to use an appropriate switch on the backbone network, and use a crossover cable to connect the firewall with a combi-server
+ This is a fairly small step, with just a few handgrips, which makes it easy to use an appropriate switch on the backbone network, and use a crossover cable to connect the firewall with a combi-server
  
  Note: Be aware when you set a printer on the address 192.168.0.0/24 which is the thin client network does not work if the hostname is '''printer00'''. Be sure to edit KDE printing manager to search for printers at 192.168.0.0/24-net. Not standard 10.0.2.0/23-net.
  
@@ -40, +40 @@

  
  '''Graphical desktop'''
  
- One will increasingly see references to graphical desktop. In short that means a modern desk with point and click, windows, icons, and file folders Graphical user interface was first made by Xerox Parc in 1973, 10 years before this came for personal computers you could buy in the store. This was a''very'' chort presentation of grafical interfaces.
+ One will increasingly see references to graphical desktop. In short that means a modern desk with point and click, windows, icons, and file folders Graphical user interface was first made by Xerox Parc in 1973, 10 years before this came for personal computers you could buy in the store. This was a ''very'' short presentation of graphical interfaces.
  
  '''A brief summary of the different profiles in Skolelinux/Debian-edu and how they can be combined'''
  
  <ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
  <li><p>Main server</p>
  <p>Warning: ''All'' Skolelinux/Debian-edu-networks ''must have'' only one main server, and only one machine with that profile. Most commonly that profile can be combined with thin client servers, or just a workstation.</p>
- <p>Every Skolelinux network needs one, and only one machine running the 'Main Server'. This machine provides network services such as. network login with the help of directory server (LDAP) etc. Without this machine the network does not work. Since this machine will save all data files, it needs a lot of disk space. You do not get graphical user interface by installing this profile. If you want a graphical user interface must also install [[#InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|work station]]-profile or [[#InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|thin client server]].</p></li>
+ <p>Every Skolelinux network needs one, and only one machine running the 'Main Server'. This machine provides network services such as. network login with the help of directory server (LDAP) etc. Without this machine the network does not work. Since this machine will save all data files, it needs a lot of disk space. You do not get graphical user interface by installing this profile. If you want a graphical user interface must also install [[#!InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|work station]]-profile or [[#!InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|thin client server]].</p></li>
  <li><p>Workstation</p></li></ol>
  
- Machines running the 'workstation' profile is what we know as normal PCs. Users logging on a workstation, and get storage space on [[#InfrastructureSetup--mainserverprofile|The main server]]. Documents, personal settings and many network services is on[[#InfrastructureSetup--mainserverprofile|The main server]]. User programs run on the workstation.
+ Machines running the 'workstation' profile is what we know as normal PCs. Users logging on a workstation, and get storage space on [[#!InfrastructureSetup--mainserverprofile|The main server]]. Documents, personal settings and many network services is on [[#!InfrastructureSetup--mainserverprofile|The main server]]. User programs run on the workstation.
  
  For access to CD/DVD-player/burner, digital cameras, scanners, this is profile to install.
  
   1. Thin client server
  
- Machines running the thin client server support for thin clients. This profile also includes [[#InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|workstation]]-profilen. To prevent network is used up (saturation) required two NICs. Profiles main server, workstation and thin client server can be installed on the same machine.
+ Machines running the thin client server support for thin clients. This profile also includes the [[#!InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|workstation]] profile. To prevent saturating the network, two NICs are required. The profiles main server, workstation and thin client server can be installed on the same machine.
  
- This profile also contains [[#InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|the work station]]-profile
+ This profile also contains [[#!InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|the work station]]-profile
  
   1. Diskless workstations
  
- Machines running as thin client servers provides support for diskless clients if this is embedded. In Skolelinux 2.0 this must be entered afterwards. This profile also includes [[#InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|the workstation]]-profile. Profiles main server, workstation and thin client server can be installed on the same machine.
+ Machines running as thin client servers provides support for diskless clients if this is embedded. In Skolelinux 2.0 this must be entered afterwards. This profile also includes [[#!InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|the workstation]]-profile. Profiles main server, workstation and thin client server can be installed on the same machine.
  
-  * This profile also contains [[#InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|the work station]]-profile
+  * This profile also contains [[#!InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|the work station]]-profile
   * Main server + thin client server (including workstation)
  
- This combination of profiles, also called combined profile, providing the ability to setup a complete Skolelinux / Debian-edu network [[#InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|work servers]] og [[#InfrastructureSetup--thinclientprofile|thinclients]] with only one server. This is an acceptable solution in a small Skolelinux/Debian-edu network, with maybe 10-15 thin clients and a few workstations. For larger installations, one must usually choose servers which are''larger''.
+ This combination of profiles, also called combined profile, providing the ability to setup a complete Skolelinux / Debian-edu network [[#!InfrastructureSetup--workstationprofile|work servers]] og [[#!InfrastructureSetup--thinclientprofile|thinclients]] with only one server. This is an acceptable solution in a small Skolelinux/Debian-edu network, with maybe 10-15 thin clients and a few workstations. For larger installations, one must usually choose servers which are ''larger''.
  
   1. Main server + workstation
  
@@ -93, +93 @@

  
  == Hardware servers ==
  
- User case: What's shoud be configured
+ User case: What's should be configured
  
  === Solution ===
  
@@ -107, +107 @@

  
  User case: Choice of client machines. Should you choose silent machines or machinery for multimedia. Should one have laptops to all or desktops.
  
- Several types of technologies can provide application on the PC. Most common is thick clients operating locally on each computer. But there are other types of technology for applications on the desktop. Many have heard of graphic terminals. Examples include Citrix, FreeNX and Windows Terminal Server. There are also other options like lowfat clients and real thin clients. This article describes the options and provides an overview of where the various terminal technologies do best. The reason for the article is the experience of enterprise solutions with centralized operation of the computer in many different buildings with low, medium or high network capacity.
+ Several types of technologies can provide application on the PC. Most common is thick clients operating locally on each computer. But there are other types of technology for applications on the desktop. Many have heard of graphic terminals. Examples include Citrix, !FreeNX and Windows Terminal Server. There are also other options like lowfat clients and real thin clients. This article describes the options and provides an overview of where the various terminal technologies do best. The reason for the article is the experience of enterprise solutions with centralized operation of the computer in many different buildings with low, medium or high network capacity.
  
- Client technologies are described in the following order. Graphic terminals Citrix and FreeNX, thin clients with X Windows, thick clients with Linux and Windows, client in between with Linux, and laptops. Then follow examples of what is common to use of server machines in various concern-oriented installations. A key factor for calculating costs is the number of concurrent users and the number of servers. Centralized management of computer equipment at several schools may in practice be compared with how the operation of ICT systems is done in larger companies. Often schools have more computers than the rest of the council's activities. It can quickly lead to a doubling of the number of employees in IT services in the municipality if you do not think things through in what one chooses for client solutions in schools.
+ Client technologies are described in the following order. Graphic terminals Citrix and !FreeNX, thin clients with X Windows, thick clients with Linux and Windows, client in between with Linux, and laptops. Then follow examples of what is common to use of server machines in various concern-oriented installations. A key factor for calculating costs is the number of concurrent users and the number of servers. Centralized management of computer equipment at several schools may in practice be compared with how the operation of ICT systems is done in larger companies. Often schools have more computers than the rest of the council's activities. It can quickly lead to a doubling of the number of employees in IT services in the municipality if you do not think things through in what one chooses for client solutions in schools.
  
- Citrix is the most known product for '''graphical clients'''. The company makingthis is product was established in 1989. The first graphical clients was made for the operating system OS/2. First Windows product was launched with NT 3.51 in 1995. There are several competing products to Citrix. One of the most successful is the NX technology. Briefly, you may run applications from a server with Citrix or NX. The screen is exported over the network from a server to a graphical terminal on a thick client.
+ Citrix is the most known product for '''graphical clients'''. The company making this is product was established in 1989. The first graphical clients was made for the operating system OS/2. First Windows product was launched with NT 3.51 in 1995. There are several competing products to Citrix. One of the most successful is the NX technology. Briefly, you may run applications from a server with Citrix or NX. The screen is exported over the network from a server to a graphical terminal on a thick client.
  
- '''Grafical clients''' have the strength that it is the same what kind of operating system running on the client. Applications on the server, you may use anyway. One can run standard office programs and client emails over an ISDN line with 64 kbps. That said, there are limitations in graphic software, whether it is used with multimedia or interactive graphics. The solution can quickly become of no practical use if a municipality distribute 30 or 50 graphic terminals at 5-6 schools with broadband with 2-8 Mbps. With this capacity one can not run interactive graphical applications. The Internet will be filled up with traffic, and Citrix client disconnects from the server machine.
+ '''Graphical clients''' have the strength that it is the same what kind of operating system running on the client. Applications on the server, you may use anyway. One can run standard office programs and client emails over an ISDN line with 64 kbps. That said, there are limitations in graphic software, whether it is used with multimedia or interactive graphics. The solution can quickly become of no practical use if a municipality distribute 30 or 50 graphic terminals at 5-6 schools with broadband with 2-8 Mbps. With this capacity one can not run interactive graphical applications. The Internet will be filled up with traffic, and Citrix client disconnects from the server machine.
  
- With '''grafical clients''' operations department must run two parallel paths for the maintenance of software. Maintenance occurs on all client computers and on local and central servers. For getting for example Citrix to work reasonably well, there must be deployed two additional server machines in each building, in addition to central application servers. In addition, it usually needs some thick clients also for use with multimedia. For example 1/3 of the machines in Oslo schools are thick clients to provide support for multimedia.
+ With '''graphical clients''' operations department must run two parallel paths for the maintenance of software. Maintenance occurs on all client computers and on local and central servers. For getting for example Citrix to work reasonably well, there must be deployed two additional server machines in each building, in addition to central application servers. In addition, it usually needs some thick clients also for use with multimedia. For example 1/3 of the machines in Oslo schools are thick clients to provide support for multimedia.
  
  '''Tynnklienter''' ble introdusert i 1984 på MIT. Dette var omtrent på samme tid som Apple lanserte Macintosh med grafisk brukergrensesnitt. Året etter kom første utgave av Windows fra Microsoft. Egentlig heter tynnklienter X Window System og kan brukes på alle mulige plattformer som f.eks. Linux, Mac eller Windows. X Windows snur verden på hode. I praksis kjører programmene på en tjenermaskin, og det grafiske brukergrensesnittet sendes over nettverket til klientmaskinen. Klientmaskinen kjører et tjenerprogram for framvising av grafiske vinduer. En X-tjener kan kjøre programvinduer fra forskjellige program som kjører på mange forskjellige tjenermaskiner. Tykke klienter kjører også X Window system, men da et lokalt nettverk på PC-en. Alle Unix-systemer med grafisk brukergrensesnitt kjører X-tjener.
  
@@ -137, +137 @@

  
  ||'''''Main solution'''''||'''''Support for multimedia'''''||'''''Characteristics'''''||
  ||Fat clients (Windows, Linux or Mac)||Good support for sound, graphics and video with powerful enough processor and memory on the client machine.||All applications installed on the client machine. The user programs run on the client machine. Client machine may be stationary or portable. Running multiple services in networks such as email, file storage, case-filing system etc.'''Advantage:''' Requires few server machines. Good support for multimedia'''Disadvantage:''' Need to install and maintain all the software on each client machine||
- ||Diskless workstation (Linux. Earlier this was the solution from Novell with Windows 3.X)||Good support for sound, graphics and video given a powerfull enough processor and memory on the client machine.||All user applications are installed on the server machine. User programs run on the client machine. Client computer is usually stationary. Running multiple services in networks such as email, file storage, case-filing system etc.'''Advantages:'''Advantages. Same functionality as thick clients. Need few servers. The client computers do not have software installed.||
+ ||Diskless workstation (Linux. Earlier this was the solution from Novell with Windows 3.X)||Good support for sound, graphics and video given a powerful enough processor and memory on the client machine.||All user applications are installed on the server machine. User programs run on the client machine. Client computer is usually stationary. Running multiple services in networks such as email, file storage, case-filing system etc.'''Advantages:'''Advantages. Same functionality as thick clients. Need few servers. The client computers do not have software installed.||
  ||Thin client (X Window System)||Decent audio, graphics and video support given powerful enough processor memory on the server machine. Need high capacity client network.||All user programs and services are installed on the server machine. The user programs running on servers. The client computer is usually stationary. Running multiple services in networks such as email, file storage, case-filing system etc.'''Advantage:''' Gives new life to reused computers. Client is not installed software.'''Disadvantage:''' Requires more servers than thick and diskless clients.||
  ||Graphical terminals (FreeNX, Citrix, RDP)||Decent graphics support given powerful enough processor memory on the server machine, and high capacity network. Weak or little support for interactive graphics at medium capacity in the network.||All user programs and services are installed on the server machine. Full operating system with window system is usually installed on the client machine. The user programs running on servers. The client computer is usually stationary. Running multiple services in networks such as email, file storage, case-filing system etc.'''Advantage:''' Gives new life to reused computers.'''Disadvantage:''' Must install and maintain operating system on each client machine. Requires more servers than real thin clients. Requires significantly more servers than thick or lowfat clients. Gives poor performance or no support for multimedia. The terminal disconnects with overloads in the network. This may happen several times an hour.||
- ||Laptops||Good support for sound, graphics and video with powerful enough processor and memory on the client machine.||'''Advantage:''' Can bring the PC along'''Disadvatage:''' Must install and maintain operating system on each client machine. Must set up and maintain services that make it easy and connect and disconnect machines in the network. There is considerable breakage with portable equipment, and lifetime are averaging 3 years or 2-5 years less than desktops. Operation of the portable is expensive.||
+ ||Laptops||Good support for sound, graphics and video with powerful enough processor and memory on the client machine.||'''Advantage:''' Can bring the PC along'''Disadvantage:''' Must install and maintain operating system on each client machine. Must set up and maintain services that make it easy and connect and disconnect machines in the network. There is considerable breakage with portable equipment, and lifetime are averaging 3 years or 2-5 years less than desktops. Operation of the portable is expensive.||
  
  === Solution ===
  
@@ -152, +152 @@

  
  == Switches ==
  
- User case: What's shoud be configured
+ User case: What's should be configured
  
  === Solution ===
  
@@ -164, +164 @@

  
  == Wireless access points ==
  
- User case: What's shoud be configured
+ User case: What's should be configured
  
  === Solution ===
  
@@ -176, +176 @@

  
  == Firewall(s) ==
  
- User case: What's shoud be configured
+ User case: What's should be configured
  
  === Solution ===
  
@@ -188, +188 @@

  
  == Routers ==
  
- User case: What's shoud be configured
+ User case: What's should be configured
  
  === Solution ===
  
@@ -200, +200 @@

  
  == Setting up a simple firewall ==
  
- User case: What's shoud be configured
+ User case: What's should be configured
  
  === Solution ===
  
@@ -212, +212 @@

  
  == Setup: ==
  
- User case: What's shoud be configured
+ User case: What's should be configured
  
  === Solution ===
  

